# Code of Practice: The Safe Operation of Recreational Craft Source: https://assets.gov.ie/static/documents/code-of-practice-for-the-safe-operation-of-recreational-craft-75c0ed13-84cb-40af-a689-.pdf ## Front Matter ### Front Matter *Pages 1–38* Code of Practice: The Safe Operation of Recreational Craft Acknowledgments The Irish Maritime Administration would like to thank the following for their assistance in the preparation of the Code of Practice for the Safe Operation of Recreational Craft: Canoeing Ireland CH Marine Ltd Commissioners of Irish Lights Diving Ireland Inland Waterways Association of Ireland Irish Coastal Rowing Federation Irish Sailing Irish Surfing Marine Casualty Investigation Board Met Éireann Rowing Ireland RNLI Water Safety Ireland Waterways Ireland and all bodies and individuals who provided comments on the Code of Practice. First Print Edition: 2006 Revised: 2008, 2017 This revised edition: 2024 Important Contact Information ![Figure from page 3](assets/p003-f01.webp) *Figure from page 3* Irish Coast Guard In an emergency ring999 or 112 or use VHF Channel 16 and ask for the Coast Guard. | Irish Coast Guard HQ | | | --- | --- | | Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Ireland | Email: admin@irishcoastguard.ie Website: www.gov.ie/transport | | Marine Survey Office | | | Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Ireland | Telephone: +353 (0)1 678 3400 Email: mso@transport.gov.ie Website: www.gov.ie/transport | | Maritime Safety Policy | Division | | Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Ireland | | Contents | Foreword | 1 | | --- | --- | | General Introduction and Safety Checklists | 3 | | Think and Prepare – Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice | 7 | | Think and Prepare – Identify and Assess Hazards and Risks | 10 | | Think and Prepare – Fatigue | 17 | | Think and Prepare – Traffic Report Messages – Let the Coast Guard know | 18 | | Think and Prepare – Designate a Shore-based Contact Person | 20 | | Part A Statutory requirements for the Safe Operation of Recreational Craft | 21 | | Chapter 1 Legislation | 22 | | 1.1 Statutory requirements for recreational craft | 23 | | 1.1.1 Marine Notices – Get on the List! | 23 | 1.2 Legislation applicable to all recreational craft 27 1.2.1 Collision Regulations 27 1.2.2 SOLAS Chapter V - safety of navigation 27 1.2.3 The International Convention for the prevention of pollution from ships (MARPOL) 28 1.2.3.1 Prevention of pollution by garbage from ships – Annex V of MARPOL 28 1.2.3.2 Obligations under the Port Reception Facilities Directive 28 1.2.3.3 Prevention of pollution by oil from ships - Annex I of MARPOL 28 1.2.4 Wearing of Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets 29 1.2.4.1 Lifejacket regulations on recreational craft other than personal watercraft (PWC) 1.2.4.2 Lifejacket regulations on personal watercraft (PWC), e.g. Jet Skis 1.2.4.3 Lifejacket regulations for Waterskiing, Wake Boarding, Parasailing and other towed rides 31 1.2.5 Operation of recreational craft - minimum age levels 31 1.2.6 Controls on alcohol and drugs 31 1.2.7 Inconsiderate, careless and dangerous operation of vessels 32 1.2.8 Marine Equipment Directive 33 1.2.9 Directive 2013/53/EU on recreational craft and personal watercraft 33 1.2.10 Marine Casualty Investigation Board 36 1.2.11 Harbours Acts - Powers of Harbour Masters 37 1.2.12 Radiocommunications 37 1.2.12.1 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons and Personal Locator Beacons 38 1.3 Legislation applicable to recreational craft greater than 12 metres in length 40 1.3.1 Nautical charts and publications 40 1.4 Legislation applicable to recreational craft greater than 15 net registered tonnes (NRT) 41 1.4.1 Registration of recreational craft – Mercantile Marine Act 41 1955 as amended 1.4.2 Future registration developments – Merchant Shipping (Registration of Ships) Act 2014 (No. 43 of 2014) 42 1.5 Legislation applicable to recreational craft of 13.7 metres in length and greater 44 1.5.1 Lifesaving and Safety Equipment 44 1.5.1.1 Class XII recreational craft constructed on or after 1 July 1986 of 13.7 metres in length and greater but less than 21.3 metres in length 46 iii 1.5.1.2 Class XII recreational craft constructed or after 1 July 1986 of 21.3 metres in length and greater 1.5.1.3 Class XII recreational craft constructed before 1 July 1986 48 1.5.1.4 Recreational craft less than 13.7 metres in length 48 1.5.2 Fire-Fighting Equipment 48 1.5.2.1 Recreational craft of 13.7 metres in length and greater 48 1.5.2.2 Recreational craft less than 13.7 metres in length 50 1.6 Inland Waterways and Canal Systems 50 1.6.1 Shannon Navigation Acts and associated Bye-Laws 50 1.6.2 Navigation on the Shannon 51 1.6.3 Canal System Navigation 51 1.6.4 Navigation on the Corrib System 51 1.7 Maritime Safety Act 2005 (No. 11 of 2005), as amended 51 1.8 Other legislation and considerations 53 1.8.1 Merchant Shipping (Salvage and Wreck) Act 1993 – Wrecks and stranded vessels 53 1.8.2 Other requirements for commercial recreational craft operations 54 1.8.3 Environmental Pollution – dangerous waste and litter 54 ![Figure from page 6](assets/p006-t01.webp) *Figure from page 6* Introduction and Application of Part B 56 Chapter 2 Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation 57 Think and Prepare – Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice 58 2.1 Training 61 2.2 Voyage Planning 2.2.1 Traffic Report Messages – Let the Coast Guard know 2.2.2 Designate a shore-based Contact Person 2.3 Pre-departure Safety Checks and Briefing 64 2.4 Recommended safety equipment 64 2.4.1 Category A - Ocean 65 2.4.2 Category B – Offshore 66 2.4.3 Category C – Inshore 66 2.4.4 Category D – Sheltered waters 66 2.5 Safety Equipment Checklist 66 2.6 Special considerations for persons with disabilities 71 2.7 Competitive use – Yachts 71 2.8 Dive Boat operations 72 2.8.1 Training 72 2.8.2 Safety 72 2.8.3 Pre-departure Checks and Briefing 73 2.8.4 Traffic Report Message for Divers – Let the Coast Guard know 74 2.8.5 Operation of RIBS as Dive Boats 76 2.9 National Association 76 2.10 Pot Fishing 76 2.11 Sea Angling Boats 77 Chapter 3 Sail and Motor Boats – Inland Waterways 79 Think and Prepare – Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice 80 3.1 Training 84 3.2 Recommended minimum safety equipment – Inland Waters 84 3.2.1 Category E 3.2.2 Category F v 3.3 Safety Equipment Checklist 3.4 Boat Angling – Inland Waters 3.5 Communications 89 3.6 Spread of invasive species by boats on inland waters 89 Chapter 4 Sailing Dinghies 91 Think and Prepare – Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice 92 4.1 Training 95 4.2 Safety Recommendations 95 4.3 Pre-Launch Checks prior to entering the water 95 4.4 National Association 96 Chapter 5 Personal Watercraft – Jet Skis and High Speed 97 Power Boats Think and Prepare – Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice 98 5.1 Training 101 5.2 Recommended equipment for personal watercraft 101 5.3 Personal equipment to be worn/carried by operator of the personal watercraft 102 5.4 Personal watercraft operations 102 5.4.1 Prior to entering the water (Pre-Launch Checks) 102 5.4.2 Emergency Procedures 102 5.4.3 On the water 103 5.5 Offshore Cruising 103 5.6 National Association 104 5.7 Personal Watercraft Safety Checklist 104 5.8 High Speed Power/Sports Boats – Operation and handling 104 5.8.1 Pre-departure Checks 105 5.8.2 On the water 5.9 Waterskiing, Wakeboarding and towed rides 5.10 Competitive use – Powerboats 5.10.1 Powerboat Race Training 106 Chapter 6 Windsurfing, Foiling and Kitesurfing 107 Think and Prepare – Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice 108 6.1 Training 111 6.2 Windsurfing Safety 111 6.2.1 Prior to entering the water 111 6.2.2 On the water 112 6.3 National Association 113 6.4 Other water based activities 113 6.4.1 Safe Surfing Guidelines 113 6.4.2 Foiling Safety 114 6.4.3 Kitesurfing Safety 115 Chapter 7 Canoeing/Kayaking and Stand-Up Paddle Boarding 117 Think and Prepare – Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice 118 7.1 Training 121 7.2 Prior to entering the water 121 7.3 Personal Safety Equipment 123 7.4 Sea Kayaking 123 7.5 River Kayaking/Canoeing 124 7.6 National Association for canoe and kayak activities 126 7.7 Stand-Up Paddle Boards (SUPs) 126 7.7.1 Prior to entering the water 127 7.7.2 On the water 128 7.8 National Association for stand-up paddle boarding activities vii Chapter 8 Rowing Boats Think and Prepare – Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice 8.1 Training 133 8.2 Prior to going on the water 133 8.3 Olympic style rowing boats and Safety Boats 133 8.4 Boat construction and equipment 134 8.5 Coastal and Traditional racing currachs and Safety Boats 135 8.6 National Associations 138 Chapter 9 Charter Boats/Bare Boat Hire 139 9.1 Training 141 9.2 Insurance 141 9.3 Minimum safety equipment on board 141 Chapter 10 Operational Safety, including at marinas, and 143 maintenance 10.1 Tendering operations to moored craft 144 10.2 Marina Safety 144 10.3 Slipways 147 10.4 Beach launching 147 10.5 Maintenance 148 10.5.1 Rigging 148 10.5.2 Inboard engine operation and maintenance 149 10.5.3 Outboard engines 149 10.5.4 Annual engine maintenance 150 10.5.5 Minimum spare parts 150 10.5.6 Tool Kit 151 10.6 Electrical systems in recreational craft 10.7 Liquified/Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) viii 10.8 Vessel Refuelling 10.9 Commissioners of Irish Lights (Irish Lights) 10.9.1 Smart Weather Buoys 155 Chapter 11 Emergency Procedures 157 11.1 Procedure for making distress or urgency calls using VHF voice 158 11.1.1 Making a distress transmission using VHF voice broadcasting – MAYDAY 158 11.1.2 Making an urgency broadcast using VHF - PAN-PAN 158 11.2 Types of radio distress calls 161 11.2.1 Automated Calling 161 11.2.2 Non-Automated Calling 161 11.2.3 Use of Handheld VHF Radios 161 11.3 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBS) 162 11.4 Marine VHF Communications Network 163 11.5 Automatic Identification System (AIS) 164 11.6 Survival at sea 165 11.6.1 Cold Water Shock and Hypothermia 165 11.6.1.1 Cold Water Shock 166 11.6.1.2 Hypothermia 166 11.6.2 Choosing a Liferaft 167 11.6.3 Abandoning Ship 169 11.6.4 Survival in the water 170 11.7 Man overboard and recovery procedures 171 11.7.1 Recovery of man overboard 171 11.7.2 Manoeuvring boat to aid recovery of man overboard 174 11.7.2.1 Craft without an engine 11.7.2.2 Craft with an engine ix 11.8 Emergency towing – receiving or giving a tow 11.9 Helicopter rescue procedures 11.10 Flares 179 11.10.1 Disposal of expired pyrotechnics 180 11.11 Mobile Devices 181 | Appendices | 182 | | --- | --- | | Appendix 1 The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) | 183 | | Appendix 2 Guidance notes on Radiocommunications | 196 | | Appendix 3 Buoyage | 202 | | Appendix 4 Anchoring, Stability and Boat Handling | 212 | | Appendix 5 Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets, Jacklines and Safety Harness | 220 | | Appendix 6 Weather, Sea States and Tides | 227 | | Appendix 7 Directive on Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft – Advice on buying a Recreational Craft | 236 | | Appendix 8 Passage Planning Template | 242 | | Appendix 9 List of Course Providers | 244 | | Appendix 10 Contact Details | 245 | | Appendix 11 Glossary of Terms | 250 | Foreword Minister Ryan A particular focus of this new edition of the Code of Practice is to stress the “Think and Prepare” message for anyone who is thinking about going out on the water. Each person needs to think about their proposed activity in advance, make a plan, ensure that they have the necessary training and safety equipment and know what to do if things go wrong. I welcome the publication of this revised and updated edition of the Code of Practice for the Safe Operation of Recreational Craft as part of my Department’s ongoing efforts to promote and enhance maritime safety in line with our Irish Maritime Directorate Strategy 2021-2025. The Code of Practice has been a helpful and popular educational resource for many years for those involved in recreational activities in Irish waters. From individual members of the public to training providers to the national governing bodies of various sport activities, the Code of Practice has provided legislative information, advice and guidance relating to the safe use of a range of recreational craft, with an emphasis on the need for personal responsibility and safety awareness. Proper preparation can save your life. Simple steps such as planning your journey, checking the weather forecast prior to departure, thinking about other hazards, and always wearing a personal flotation device or lifejacket, can make a huge difference in the event of something unforeseen going wrong during your trip. Always have a dependable means of communication to call for assistance, such as a VHF radio, Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon or Personal Locator Beacon, and tell someone ashore about your plans. Significant numbers of recreational craft of all types operate on our coastal waters and on our inland lakes, rivers and canals, and a large number of Irish Coast Guard callouts each year continue to be for the assistance of recreational craft users. It is incumbent on all those venturing onto the water to be mindful of their own safety and to think and act safely no matter what type of craft they are using or operating. I encourage all persons who use recreational craft to read this Code of Practice and to follow the safety advice and guidance contained in the Code. Eamon Ryan T.D. Minister for Transport Foreword Minister Lawless This updated Code of Practice contains a number of “Think and Prepare” safety reminders, recommendations and checklists that are designed to underline the importance of thought and preparation before individuals decide to start a journey on the water. By taking simple basic steps, you can improve your situation and be better prepared in the event of changing circumstances. Know fully the craft you are setting out in. As well as wearing a personal flotation device or lifejacket, checking weather forecasts and telling someone shore-based about your plans, all owners and users of recreational craft are encouraged to let the Coast Guard know about their planned journey by logging a Traffic Report message with the nearest Coast Guard station. This will help the rescue authorities in the event of a need for search and rescue. Safety is at the heart of our transport policies and services. It is a core element of many government initiatives. Recent ‘Be Summer Ready’ and ‘Be Winter Ready’ campaigns have provided information on issues which may affect the general public during summer or winter in Ireland, encouraging people to be informed and aware of the risks which may occur. When it comes to recreational craft, the safe use of these is a year-round goal, which is progressed through a combination of safety awareness promotion, statutory regulation and enforcement. There are wonderful and fun activities available on the water but it is imperative for any successful day out that all return to base after, safe and unharmed. Every person taking to the water must play their part by thinking about their own safety and taking responsibility for their actions. Be safe by being prepared! By being safety aware, you will improve your chances of returning home safely. Remember, if you see somebody in trouble on the water or along the coast, dial 999 or 112 or use Marine VHF Channel 16 and ask for the Coast Guard. The Code of Practice for the Safe Operation of Recreational Craft has provided safety information and recommendations for recreational craft users for many years. This new edition continues to emphasise the need to make time for maritime safety through preparation before you take to the water. I urge all users of recreational craft to familiarise themselves with this Code of Practice, to think about safety and to plan accordingly. “Think and Prepare” is a short but important consideration that should be integral to any decision to use a recreational craft. Much of this is common sense but it is essential to reiterate the basic rules and think ahead before any outing. James Lawless T.D. Minister of State at the Department of Transport General Introduction and Safety Checklists General Introduction and Safety Checklists General Introduction and Safety Checklists Background Revised editions were published in 2008 and 2017. This new and revised Code of Practice represents the culmination of a review and stakeholder consultation process undertaken in 2022 and 2023. The vision of the Irish Maritime Directorate Strategy 2021 – 2025 is to have a safe, sustainable maritime transport sector and to facilitate competitive maritime transport services and safe use of the marine environment. One of the Core Objectives of the Strategy is to “Enhance Maritime Safety” and this objective underlies the work of the Irish Maritime Directorate in relation to the safety of recreational craft. In accordance with the Department of Transport Statement of Strategy 2023 – 2025, safety is at the heart of transport policy. The approach to maritime safety involves a combination of policy development, statutory regulation, safety awareness promotion and enforcement. Who is the Code for? This Code of Practice for the Safe Operation of Recreational Craft is intended for use by owners, operators and users of recreational craft. Recreational craft are vessels used for leisure or sport purposes, regardless of their means of propulsion. They are also sometimes referred to as pleasure craft. This Code applies to all recreational craft operating in Irish waters, including: , Sailing craft , Boats used for recreational As an educational tool, the Code of Practice for the Safe Operation of Recreational Craft is a way to inform recreational craft owners, operators and users of the legislative requirements, safety guidelines and best practice operational advice that applies to a range of recreational craft that operate in Irish coastal and inland waters. The Code of Practice was first published in 2006 following a review of safety measures on small watercraft and a public consultation process. angling , Personal watercraft (e.g. jet skis) , Rowing boats , Canoes, kayaks , Stand-Up Paddleboards (when used for navigation) , Motor boats, ski boats, powerboats, sports boats and dive boats , Windsurfers , Non-powered craft. The Code of Practice is structured as follows: The Code incorporates both competitive and non-competitive use of recreational craft. General information, advice and guidance is also provided on Safety, Safety Operations and Emergency Procedures. Think and Prepare , General Introduction and Safety Checklists; ,Part A – Chapter 1 outlines the legislative requirements that apply to all recreational craft or specific types or size of craft. Owners and operators must comply with the legal requirements appropriate to their craft; It should be noted that where passengers are carried by commercially operated craft manned by a skipper and crew, they are regarded as passenger vessels and are subject to the requirements of the Merchant Shipping Act 1992, as amended, and any associated rules and regulations. ,Part B – Chapters 2 to 11 contain recommended guidelines and best practice for the safe operation of recreational craft. Chapters 2 to 9 provide guidance in relation to particular types of recreational craft/activities. Chapters 10 and 11 provide safety guidance applicable to recreational craft generally. How to use this Code It is the responsibility of owners and operators of recreational craft to ensure that a vessel is properly maintained, equipped and operated. This Code aims to assist owners and operators in their responsibility by setting out legislative requirements governing recreational craft and best practice for vessel standards, equipment and operation for the different types of recreational craft and their areas of operation. Owners and operators of recreational craft should familiarise themselves with the General Introduction, Safety Checklists, Part A, the particular chapter in Part B appropriate to their type of vessel, together with Chapters 10 and 11 and the Appendices. The Irish Maritime Administration encourages all those engaged in leisure pursuits on the water to be aware of and familiar with the contents of the Code of Practice, and to comply with the safety advice and guidance contained in the Code. In the tables, all rows that contain a tick mark or number indicate a mandatory and/or recommended requirement for the type of craft indicated. Any mention of ‘miles’ in the Code of Practice is a reference to nautical miles. Amendments Are you serious about your safety on the water? Make time for Maritime Safety. General Introduction and Safety Checklists The Code of Practice will be kept under review to ensure that it remains up to date. Revisions will be posted from time to time on the website of the Department of Transport (https://www.gov.ie/en/ publication/66ff7e-safe-operationof-recreational-craft/) and on www.safetyonthewater.ie. Everyone taking to the water must play their part to ensure that potentially avoidable fatalities in the maritime sector are eliminated. It is the responsibility of each individual to be mindful of their own safety and to take personal responsibility for their actions. That means preparation and knowing what steps to take in emergency situations. Failure to operate safely puts not just your own life at risk, but the lives of others on board the craft and potentially the lives of emergency and rescue services personnel. If you have any queries, comments or suggestions regarding the Code, please forward them to: Maritime Safety Policy Division Irish Maritime Administration Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Ireland Persons engaged in water based activities are encouraged to learn to swim and to acquire lifesaving skills. Ph: + 353 1 678 3434 Email: marineleisuresafety@transport.gov.ie Think and Prepare Safety Reminders The following pages present important safety recommendations, checklists and information to be considered each time you plan to take to the water. Think and Prepare Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice It is recommended that all owners and users of recreational craft should follow this Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice both before going on the water and while on the water: Get training from an approved training provider in the correct use of the type of craft you wish to use (See Appendix 9); Wear a Personal Flotation Device/Lifejacket: Know about the legal requirements in relation to the wearing and carrying of Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets and the need for the proper care and maintenance of such devices. These requirements are dealt with in Part A of the Code of Practice; Check current weather forecasts and sea/lake/river conditions prior to departure and plan your voyage accordingly (see Appendix 6, Weather, Sea States and Tides); Check for any Hazards and Risks and Prepare a Passage Plan - See Appendix 8 of the Code of Practice for an example of a passage planning template and note the information on hazards and risk assessment on pages 10 – 16. Assess the hazards and risks before leaving shore but continue to be aware during your trip as the conditions can change; Avoid operating alone: Be aware of the additional risks involved with single person operation when there is nobody else on board or nearby to help you or to raise the alarm. Make sure you have an effective means of quickly re-boarding your craft in the event that you fall overboard; Carry out Pre-Departure Safety Checks and Briefing – Check your craft and safety equipment. All persons on board should know what to do in the event of an emergency, where the safety/emergency equipment is on board, e.g. flares, radio equipment, lifejackets, etc., and how to use the equipment; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Tell someone about the plans for your trip - a designated person ashore should know your departure and return times, where you are going, and what to do to raise the alarm if necessary. See page 20 for a suggested information template; Let the Coast Guard know: Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station – see page 18 for further information; Bring a dependable means of communication. VHF radio equipment is the recommended method of communication and craft users should be familiar with its use. Mobile phones should not be relied on and should only be considered as a back up means of communication. Where mobile phone use is proposed, the phone should be in a waterproof pouch with a lanyard, be fully charged at all times and the signal strength and charge indicator should be regularly checked while the vessel is underway; Consider bringing an appropriate Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) or Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) as these provide an effective means to send a distress alert – See sections 1.2.12.1, 11.3 and Appendix 2 of the Code for further information, including the registration of such devices; Be responsible – do not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs during a trip: when operating a recreational craft, a person must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or of drugs and alcohol to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the craft; Be aware of and recognise the symptoms of fatigue – get proper sleep and rest before your journey; Wear suitable clothing and footwear; Think and Prepare Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Float to live: If you unexpectedly fall into the water, the initial cold shock can cause you to gasp, breathe uncontrollably, breathe in water and panic. If you are not wearing a Personal Flotation Device or lifejacket, lay your head back with ears submerged. Stay calm, try to relax and breath normally. Try to float or tread water while you catch your breath. A properly fitted lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you gasp air. Once the cold shock has passed, try to get hold of something that will help you float and get as much of your body out of the water as possible. To lessen heat escape, keep your legs together with arms and elbows by your side. Once you are calm, call for help; In a marine emergency, raise the alarm on VHF Channel 16 or call 999or 112 and ask for the Coast Guard. Think and Prepare Identify and Assess Hazards and Risks What is a Hazard? A Hazard is something that could cause harm to you or others. What is a Risk? A Risk is the likelihood of harm being caused if you are exposed to a Hazard. Risk Assessment – Think about what could go wrong or cause you harm and take action to reduce or remove the risk. Before you go out on the water, you need to think about any hazards or risks that exist that could cause you harm, both in the short term and potential risks that may arise in the medium to long term. Then you need to assess the hazards, decide are they significant or small, and take action to reduce or remove the risks associated with the hazards that you have identified. By taking action, you can create a safer experience on the water. It is important to assess each recreational craft activity separately, since specific environments will present different challenges, hazards and risks. It is recommended that before you go out on the water, you carry out a hazard identification/risk assessment based on the following basic steps. ▪Identify the hazards – consider what could cause harm? ▪Assess the risks associated with the hazards to determine the likelihood of harm being caused to you or others. ▪Decide on the control measures and precautions and implement them. ▪Evaluate and review the action you have taken to confirm each hazard has either been eliminated or appropriately controlled and continue to monitor to confirm the effectiveness of the control measures in place. Think and Prepare Think and Prepare Identify and Assess Hazards and Risks Risks Associated Identify Hazards with Hazards Risk Assessment Evaluate and Monitor Control Measures in Control Measures Place Identifying hazards will depend on the type of recreational craft activity you are taking part in. A common hazard for all users is adverse weather conditions or forecast. Weather plays a big role in safety on the water. Being prepared before going on the water includes consideration of possible local hazards. Seek local information and knowledge and be prepared for the unexpected. Talk to local residents who know the waters, particularly those waters that are not covered by marine charts. They may be familiar with local wind conditions and currents. Below is an example of a template that could be used to assist with conducting a risk assessment before you go out on the water: ![Figure from page 23](assets/p023-t01.webp) *Figure from page 23* | | Think and Prepare | Identify and Assess Hazards and Risks | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Hazard | Risk | Control Measure | Review/Evaluate your Control Measure | | Falling Overboard – Cold water immersion. | Unable to re-board the craft Hypothermia | Never go out alone. Wear a suitable PFD and ensure it fits correctly. Wear appropriate clothing. Have a safe means of re- boarding your craft. | Maintain PFD’s before and afet r every use. Visually check your PFD before your trip. Maintain wetsuits. | It is important to remain aware of your situation on the water. Assess the hazards and risks before leaving shore but continue to be aware during your trip as the conditions can change. There are many types of hazards and associated risks and these can vary depending on a range of factors that present themselves both before and during a trip. The following Table lists some possible hazards. The list is not exhaustive but is presented to provoke and encourage thought before a trip is commenced and during a trip. | Possible Hazard | Risk associated with the Hazard | Control Measure/Mitigation | | --- | --- | --- | | Weather conditions/ Adverse weather forecast. | Dangerous sea/water conditions. Capsize. Falling into cold water/ drowning. Unable to return home. Blown out to sea/of f course. Hypothermia. | Ask the Question – Is it safe to go out? Do not go out in adverse weather conditions or where adverse weather is forecast. Training. Wear PFD. Wear suitable clothing. Know how to use equipment. Never go out alone. Dependable means of communication. | Think and Prepare Think and Prepare Identify and Assess Hazards and Risks | Possible Hazard | Risk associated with the Hazard | Control Measure/Mitigation | | --- | --- | --- | | Cold weather/ water | Hypothermia. Lack of protective clothing. | Training. Wear PFD. Wear suitable clothing. Dependable means of communication. | | Hot sunny weather | Hyperthermia (sunstroke). | Wear suitable clothing. Sunscreen. Wear a hat. | | Strong winds Dangerous sea conditions/strong currents | Capsize/falling into cold water/drowning. Hypothermia/cold water shock. Blown out to sea/of f course. | Ask the Question – Is it safe to go out? Wear a PFD. Training. Know Capsize Drill. Know Man Overboard rescue procedures. Means to re-board a craft such as a boarding ladder. Dependable means of communication. | | Poor visibility/ fog/very heavy rain/darkness | Inability to find way back. Collision with rocks, other fixed objects, river bank, other craft. | Do not go out. Training. Know lights and sound signals used by vessels. Dependable means of communication. | Think and Prepare Identify and Assess Hazards and Risks | Possible Hazard | Risk associated with the Hazard | Control Measure/Mitigation | | --- | --- | --- | | No voyage plan. No contingency plan if things go wrong. No means of communication. | No plan to deal with an emergency situation. Unable to contact anyone to raise the alarm. No one knows where you are or where you are going. | Plan your voyage and have a back-up plan if you need to change. Tell someone ashore what your plans are, where you are going and your expected departure/arrival times. Log a Traffic Report Message with the IRCG. Have a dependable means of communication. Wear a PFD. | | Falling into the water without a PFD/Lifejacket. | Drowning. Cold Water Shock. Hypothermia. | Wear a PFD/Lifejacket at all times. Know how to float without a PFD/Lifejacket. Learn Float to Live techniques. Never go out alone. | | Engine failure/ fri e. Damaged boat. Injury. | Float away. Blown of fcourse. Need to abandon ship. | Emergency Action Plan. Designated person ashore. Know how to raise the alarm. Dependable means of communication. Know how to use equipment. Carry appropriate spare parts for your boat’s engine and know how to fix it in an emergency. Carry appropriate equipment to rig a tow and know how to prepare your boat. First Aid Kit. | Think and Prepare Think and Prepare Identify and Assess Hazards and Risks | Possible Hazard | Risk associated with the Hazard | Control Measure/Mitigation | | --- | --- | --- | | Lack of Knowledge of Local Hazards, e.g. rough water, fast flowing water, areas of shallow water, flooded river, debris in the water | Dangerous sea/water conditions. Unknown obstacles/ dangers. | Plan your voyage. | | Tides | Fast flowing tide. Being swept out to sea. | Check tide times. Avoid having to return against a fast-flowing tide. Carry enough fuel for your journey plus some reserve. | | Lack of Training. Unqualified coaches/persons Age and level of experience of those on board. Lack of Knowledge re. how to use equipment such as VHF radio, rescue equipment. | Lack of Knowledge regarding what to do in an emergency. | Get appropriate training from an approved training provider. | Think and Prepare Identify and Assess Hazards and Risks | Possible Hazard | Risk associated with the Hazard | Control Measure/Mitigation | | --- | --- | --- | | Alcohol/Drugs | Lack of control of the craft. Impaired judgement and decision-making. Loss of coordination. Decreased awareness of the environment around you. Inability to focus. Drowsiness. Danger to other craft and crew. | Never consume alcohol or drugs before or during a trip on the water. | Think and Prepare Think and Prepare Fatigue It is important to be aware of and to recognise the symptoms of fatigue, which can impact your decision making and result in you overlooking safety by taking shortcuts. Not getting proper rest before going out on the water can lead to serious lapses of judgement and accidents. Factors that can contribute to fatigue include ▪Lack of sleep ▪Eye strain ▪Weather Conditions - Sun/Rain/Wind ▪Motion of the craft ▪Stress ▪Over-estimating your abilities. Symptoms of fatigue include ▪Mental confusion or judgement errors ▪Inability to focus ▪Decreased motor skills ▪Decreased ability to sense the environment around you ▪Increased irritability ▪Reduced concern for safety. Some precautions ▪Proper Sleep and Rest before the journey ▪Dress appropriately for the weather ▪Wear sunscreen/sunglasses ▪Keep warm in cool weather ▪Keep hydrated ▪Avoid alcohol ▪Be aware of your abilities and plan accordingly. Think and Prepare Traffic Report Messages – Let the Coast Guard know Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message (TR) via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station. Marine Notice No. 61 of 2020 provides information regarding Irish Coast Guard VHF working channels. There is no charge for this service. Please note, however, that it is still the responsibility of your designated contact person ashore to report any concerns if your boat is overdue in returning from a voyage. The Irish Coast Guard will not initiate overdue procedures based on Traffic Report messages. In the event of an emergency, a TR will help rescue authorities know where to start looking and how many people are aboard your vessel. When you have completed your trip and have arrived at your destination, please remember to close the TR via VHF radio or phone to confirm that you have safely completed your voyage. Failing to close the TR will not initiate a search. Your shore contact should raise an alarm from ashore if you fail to return as planned. For large scale events such as sailing or rowing regattas, event organisers can capture participant information through a designated person ashore. The designated person on shore should keep a log of all trips and numbers of boats and persons in each boat. This person must have a means to communicate with coaches and crews on the water as well as being able to contact the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station. A TR can be created by VHF radio (Channel 16 or IRCG VHF working channels) or by phoning the relevant Coast Guard Rescue Co-ordination Centre on: +353 (0)1 662 0922 for MRCC Dublin, +353 (0)74 937 0103 for MRSC Malin Head, or +353 (0)66 947 6109 for MRSC Valentia. Think and Prepare Think and Prepare Traffic Report Messages – Let the Coast Guard know Information to create a TR should include the following: Traffic Report Message (TR) Date: Vessel Name (and Call Sign): Vessel Type: Leaving Time: Leaving from: Going to: Estimated time of arrival at destination: Estimated time of arrival following return journey: Number of persons on board: Think and Prepare Designate a Shore based Contact Person It is most important to always ensure that a designated person ashore is aware of the intended voyage, departure and return times, and knows what to do to raise the alarm if the need arises. The following is a suggested information template for your Shore-based Contact Person: Shore-based Contact Person Template | Vessel name and description including Call Sign | Date | | --- | --- | | Route (passage plan summary) | Distance/Time | | | | | Number of persons on Board | | | Name and contact information of person/ organisation ashore informed of the voyage details | | | Departure time | | | Estimated time of arrival or return | | | Procedure for alarm raising | In an emergency ring 999 or 112 or use VHF Channel 16 and ask for the Coast Guard | ### Part A ![Figure from page 33](assets/p033-f01.webp) *Figure from page 33* Statutory requirements for the safe operation of recreational craft ## 1 Legislation 1.1 Statutory requirements for recreational craft whether it applies to all recreational craft or to particular types of craft depending on the size of the craft. Part A of the Code lists and explains the legislation that applies to recreational craft operating within Irish waters. Owners and operators of such craft must comply with the legislation. Statutory requirements arise from Irish maritime legislation, European Union Directives and the State’s obligations under various international maritime conventions adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other international maritime bodies. In addition, a local authority, harbour authority and Waterways Ireland have powers under section 6 of the Maritime Safety Act 2005 to make bye-laws to regulate or control the operation of craft or craft of a specified class in waters in its functional area or under its control or management. Such bye-laws must be complied with by the craft to which the bye-laws apply. It is important to check with the relevant authority before going on the water to see if there are any bye-laws that you need to comply with. Legislation comprises primary legislation such as the Merchant Shipping Acts 1894 to 2022 and associated secondary legislation in the form of Statutory Instruments (Merchant Shipping Rules and Regulations). 1.1.1 Marine Notices – Get on the List! Marine Notices are published by the Department of Transport throughout the year to publicise important safety, regulatory and other information relating to the maritime sector in Ireland, including construction works or surveys at sea that affect navigation. You can see the detail of Irish Maritime Legislation on the Irish Statute Book at www.irishstatutebook.ie Marine Notices from current and past years that continue to apply are available on the Department of Transport webpage at www.gov.ie. or https://www.irishstatutebook.ie While much of the national maritime law is mainly directed at commercial shipping, there are certain parts of it that apply to recreational craft and this is set out in Table A. Table A lists the relevant legislation and indicates If you would like to be added to the email circulation list for new Marine Notices, send a request to marinenotices@transport.gov.ie. Notice Number 1 of each year deals with a range of inland navigation matters. Recreational craft users should check with the relevant local or other authority responsible for the waters in which the craft is being used. The Commissioners of Irish Lights, Waterways Ireland, harbour and local authorities also issue marine notices or notices to mariners from time to time for waters under their jurisdiction. For example, the Waterways Ireland Special Marine Legislation Table A – Legislation that applies to recreational craft | Legislation | All Recreational Craft | Recreational Craft >12 m | Recreational Craft >15 NRT | Recreational Craft >13.7 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Merchant Shipping (Collision Regulations) (Ships and Water Craft on the Water) Order 2012 (S.I. No. 507 of 2012). | ✓ | | | | | SOLAS Chapter V – safety of navigation. | ✓ | | | | | MARPOL Annex I and V – prevention of pollution from ships. | ✓ | | | | | European Union (Port Reception Facilities for the Delivery of Waste from Ships) Regulations 2022 (S.I. No. 351 of 2022). | ✓ | | | | | Pleasure Craft (Personal Flotation Devices and Operation) (Safety) Regulations 2005, as amended (S.I. No. 921 of 2005 as amended by S.I. No. 349 of 2012 and S.I. No. 400 of 2018). | ✓ | | | | Table A – Legislation that applies to recreational craft - continued | Legislation | All Recreational Craft | Recreational Craft >12 m | Recreational Craft >15 NRT | Recreational Craft >13.7 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Recreational and personal watercraft Directive 2013/53/EU and European Union (Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft) Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 65 of 2017) as amended by S.I. No. 217 of 2017 and S.I. No. 288 of 2023. | ✓ | | | | | Merchant Shipping (Investigation of Marine Casualties) Act 2000 (No. 14 of 2000) as amended by the Merchant Shipping (Investigation of Marine Casualties) (Amendment) Act 2022 (No. 8 of 2022) – Marine Casualty Investigation Board (including the requirement to report a marine casualty to the MCIB). | ✓ | | | | | Harbours Acts 1996 to 2015 and Fishery Harbour Centres Act 1968, as amended. | ✓ | | | | | Signals of Distress (Ships) Rules 2012 (S.I. No. 170 of 2012). | ✓ | | | | | Maritime Safety Act 2005 (No. 11 of 2005), as amended. | ✓ | | | | | Legislation | All Recreational Craft | Recreational Craft >12 m | Recreational Craft >15 NRT | Recreational Craft >13.7 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Merchant Shipping (Carriage of Nautical Charts and Publications) Regulations 2021 (S.I. No. 149 of 2021). | Note: All craft, including a craft less than 12m in length that goes out to sea or atet mpts to go out to sea, are required to carry an Illustrated Table of Life Saving Signals. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | Mercantile Marine Act 1955 (No. 29 of 1955), as amended. | | | ✓ | ✓ | | Merchant Shipping (Life Saving Appliances) Rules 1983 and 1993. | | | | ✓ | | Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) Rules 1967, 1983 and 1985 and Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) Rules 2023. | | | | ✓ | Legislation ## Introduction and Application of Part B ### Introduction and Application of Part B *Pages 68–68* Introduction and Application of Part B Sailing Dinghies are dealt with in Chapter 4 due to their specific use, design and construction. Part B of the Code provides guidance for the safe operation of recreational craft. It offers advice on best practice for a variety of types of recreational craft, with further information contained in a series of Appendices. Motor boats form a significant section of the recreational craft market. For the purpose of this Code, they are considered as vessels primarily propelled by means of an internal combustion engine, regardless of the vessel size, and include petrol, diesel, inboard or outboard motor boats, but exclude personal watercraft (jet skis) which are covered in Chapter 5. Part B contains recommendations rather than statutory requirements. Note: For the purpose of Part B, sailing craft are considered to be craft primarily propelled by harnessing the power of the wind. This covers all forms of day boats, inshore and offshore cruisers, regardless of size, and incorporates competitive and non-competitive boats. Sailboats while under power are classed as motor boats, as are lake boats fitted with outboard engines. ## 1.2 Legislation applicable to all recreational craft ### 1.2.2 SOLAS Chapter V - safety of navigation *Pages 39–39* 1.2 Legislation applicable to all recreational craft ▪Recreational craft must as far as practicable be fitted with a radar reflector (i.e. if it can reasonably be fitted, it should be fitted with one). Legislation 1.2.1 Collision Regulations ▪Regulation 29 of Chapter V Applicable Legislation: requires a boat to have access to an illustrated table of the recognised life saving signals, so that it can communicate with search and rescue services or other boats if it gets into trouble. This is also a legal requirement under the Merchant Shipping (Carriage of Nautical Charts and Publications) Regulations 2021 (S.I. No. 149 of 2021). An illustrated Table of Life Saving Signals must be carried on board. A copy is available on page 195 in Appendix 1 and can also be found in various nautical publications. ▪Merchant Shipping (Collision Regulations) (Ships and Water Craft on the Water) Order 2012, S.I. No. 507 of 2012. ▪Signals of Distress (Ships) Rules 2012, S.I. No. 170 of 2012. All recreational craft must comply with the International regulations for preventing collisions at sea. All owners, skippers or persons in charge of a recreational craft should be fully familiar with the collision regulations. Some of the main requirements are included in Appendix 1. ▪There is an obligation on the skipper of a recreational craft to report any dangers to navigation and respond to distress messages. This can be done by calling the Irish Coast Guard on VHF radio, if on board, or by contacting the Irish Coast Guard at 112 or 999 and reporting directly to them. Information on the Irish Coast Guard VHF channels can be found in Marine Notice No. 61 of 2020 and on page 163. 1.2.2 SOLAS Chapter V - safety of navigation A number of regulations in Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS Convention) dealing with safety of navigation apply to all recreational craft. Marine Notice No. 30 of 2023 outlines the relevant provisions, which are summarised as follows: ▪It is a requirement that any voyage ▪It is a requirement that distress is properly planned prior to being undertaken. See Appendix 8 for an example of a Passage Planning Template. signals are not misused. ### 1.2.3 3 Prevention of pollution by oil from ships - Annex I of MARPOL *Pages 40–40* 1.2.3 The International Convention for the prevention of pollution from ships (MARPOL) (S.I. No. 351 of 2022) as outlined in section 1.2.3.2. Legislation 1.2.3.2 Obligations under the Port Reception Facilities Directive 1.2.3.1 Prevention of pollution by garbage from ships – Annex V of MARPOL ▪The European Union (Port Reception Facilities for the Delivery of Waste from Ships) Regulations 2022 (S.I. No. 351 of 2022) transposed Directive (EU) 2019/883 on port reception facilities for the delivery of waste from ships into Irish law. These Regulations require ships (including recreational craft) to offload the waste they produce into waste disposal facilities in port. All recreational craft must comply with the following requirements in relation to the disposal of garbage and other waste: (a) It is prohibited to dispose into the sea any items of plastic including, but not limited to, synthetic ropes and fishing nets, plastic garbage bags and incinerator ashes from plastic products; ▪Recreational craft with a length of less than 45 metres should contact a port directly or refer to the port’s waste reception and handling plan for details of how to notify the port of their waste delivery. (b) It is prohibited to dispose of cooking oil into the sea; (c) The disposal into the sea of food wastes must be made as far away as practicable from the nearest land but is in any case prohibited if the distance from the nearest land is less than 12 nautical miles. ▪Recreational craft with a length greater than 45 metres must submit an advance waste notification to the port it is bound for. This must be done electronically through SafeSeasIreland in an official Advance Notification Form. Additionally, recreational craft of 12 metres or more in length overall must display placards which notify the crew of the requirements concerning the disposal of garbage. ▪Marine Notice No. 49 of 2022 gives further information on the requirements. Recreational craft users should be aware of and comply with port authority and local authority waste reception and handling plans. Attention is also drawn to the obligations under the EU Port Reception Facilities Regulations 2022 1.2.3.3 Prevention of pollution by oil from ships - Annex I of MARPOL Recreational craft are required to be equipped as far as practicable ### 1.2.4 Wearing of Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets *Pages 41–41* operational and communications capability through the Marine Rescue and Coordination Centre, Telephone +353 (0)1 662 0922 and/or email CoastGuardNMOC@ transport.gov.ie. and reasonable with installations to ensure the storage of oil or oily mixtures on board. Their discharge into the sea is prohibited unless the craft is proceeding en route and the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million. In addition, as a basic general principle, recreational craft that are at the end of their useful life should be disposed of in a safe and environmentally responsible manner. The National Maritime Oil/HNS Spill Contingency Plan covers pollution by oil or hazardous noxious substances, as defined in the Sea Pollution Act. 1.2.4 Wearing of Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets Under section 13 of the Sea Pollution Act 1991, as substituted by section 25 of the Sea Pollution (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2006, it is a requirement to report a discharge of hazardous and noxious substances or a pollutant (oil, oily mixture, noxious liquid substance, harmful substance, sewage or garbage) or a likely discharge to the Irish Coast Guard (email CoastGuardNMOC@transport.gov.ie) or, if it occurred in a harbour, to the harbour master or person performing the functions of harbour master in relation to the harbour. The term “personal flotation device” (PFD) covers all forms of lifejackets and buoyancy aids which, when correctly worn and used in water, will provide buoyancy and increase the likelihood of survival. Buoyancy aid clothing ensures a degree of buoyancy and support in the water while enabling the user to swim or take action to escape from danger. A lifejacket is designed to prevent drowning and must be capable of returning the user to the surface as quickly as possible and of keeping the person afloat, permitting breathing while waiting for help. If oil or hazardous and noxious substances are seen in the sea, the master of a vessel should report it to the Irish Coast Guard or, if such substances are seen inside harbour limits, to the harbour master or person performing the functions of the harbour master in relation to the harbour. Legislative Requirements ▪Pleasure Craft (Personal Flotation Devices and Operation) (Safety) Regulations 2005 (S.I. No. 921 of 2005), as amended by the Pleasure Craft (Personal Flotation Devices and Operation) (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 2012 (S.I. No. 349 of 2012) and the To facilitate the making of a report, the Irish Coast Guard maintains 24/7 ### 1.2.4 2 Lifejacket regulations on personal watercraft (PWC), e.g. Jet Skis *Pages 42–42* Pleasure Craft (Personal Flotation Devices and Operation) (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 2018 (S.I. No. 400 of 2018). ▪The term “open craft” refers to a craft without a cabin or below deck facilities for persons on board and where any seating is exposed or partially exposed to the elements. Legislation These Regulations do not apply to rowers in “Olympic style” rowing boats. These are described in the Regulations as craft designed and specifically used for rowing in boat races and capable of being entered into regattas or other events recognised by Rowing Ireland, and also events held in the Olympic Games or other international rowing regattas. ▪The master or owner of a craft is required to take all reasonable steps to ensure that a person wears a suitable PFD/lifejacket at all times while: (a) being towed by the craft, or (b) on board a vessel or object of any kind that is being towed by the craft. 1.2.4.1 Lifejacket regulations on recreational craft other than personal watercraft (PWC) The PFD/lifejacket requirements under the Regulations do not apply to a person on board a craft which is not underway and is made fast to the shore or at anchor, and when the person: The following provisions apply to all recreational craft: All persons on board any craft of less than 7 m in length must wear a personal flotation device (PFD) or a lifejacket while on board an open craft or while on the deck of a decked craft, other than when the craft is made fast to the shore. (a) is wearing, putting on or taking off scuba diving equipment or (b) is about to engage in, or has just completed swimming (including snorkelling) from the craft. 1.2.4.2 Lifejacket regulations on personal watercraft (PWC), e.g. Jet Skis ▪The master or owner of any craft is required to ensure that either a PFD or a lifejacket is carried on the craft for each person on board. Every person on a personal watercraft is required to wear a personal flotation device (PFD) or a lifejacket at all times while on board or being towed in any manner by a personal watercraft. ▪The master or owner of a craft is required to take all reasonable steps to ensure that all persons under the age of 16 years wear a PFD/lifejacket while on board an open craft or while on the deck of a decked craft. ### 1.2.4 3 Lifejacket regulations for Waterskiing, Wake Boarding, Parasailing and other towed rides *Pages 43–43* ▪The master or owner of a PWC The term “fast power craft” means a craft that can attain a speed through or over water of 17 knots or more. is required to take all reasonable steps to ensure that a person under the age of 16 years complies with the requirement to wear a PFD/lifejacket while on board or being towed by a PWC. A person under the age of 16 years should not be allowed to operate or control a personal watercraft such as a jet ski or a fast power craft that can attain a speed through or over water of 17 knots or more. A person under the age of 12 years should not be allowed to operate or control a craft with an engine rating of more than 5 hp (3.7 kW). 1.2.4.3 Lifejacket regulations for Waterskiing, Wake Boarding, Parasailing and other towed rides The Pleasure Craft (Personal Flotation Devices and Operation) (Safety) Regulations 2005 (S.I. No. 921 of 2005), as amended, apply as follows to water skiing, wake boarding, parasailing and other towed rides: ▪The master or owner of a craft with an engine rating of more than 5 hp (3.7 kW) is required to take all reasonable steps to ensure that a person under the age of 12 years does not operate or control the craft. ▪All persons while being towed by a pleasure craft or on board any vessel or object of any kind being towed by a craft must wear a personal flotation device or lifejacket. The responsibility for compliance with this requirement lies with the master or owner of the towing craft. 1.2.6 Controls on alcohol and drugs Be responsible – do not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs during a trip ▪Persons partaking in towed rides must not consume alcohol or drugs. More information on PFD/lifejackets is set out in Appendix 5. ▪The master or owner of a pleasure craft must not operate or control or allow another person to operate or control the craft while under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or of drugs and alcohol. 1.2.5 Operation of recreational craft - minimum age levels ▪The master or owner of a PWC or fast power craft is required to take all reasonable steps to ensure that persons under the age of 16 years do not operate or control the craft. ▪Any person on board a pleasure craft must not consume alcohol or drugs or any combination of ### 1.2.7 Inconsiderate, careless and dangerous operation of vessels *Pages 44–44* 1.2.7 Inconsiderate, careless and dangerous operation of vessels drugs or of drugs and alcohol in circumstances that could affect the safety of persons on board or others using Irish waters, or create a disturbance on board the craft or be a nuisance to others using Irish waters. Legislation Under the Maritime Safety Act 2005, authorised persons or a member of the Garda Síochána have powers to take enforcement action in a range of circumstances, including when a person is operating a craft in a manner that poses a risk or danger to other persons. It is also an offence to operate a craft in Irish waters without reasonable consideration of other persons using those waters or at a speed that is unreasonable having regard to the circumstances and the place where the craft is operating. ▪Any person being towed or on board a vessel or object of any kind that is being towed by a pleasure craft shall not consume alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or drugs and alcohol. Violation of any of the provisions of the Pleasure Craft (Personal Flotation Devices and Operation) (Safety) Regulations 2005 may result in a fixed payment notice for €150 issued by an Authorised Officer, or prosecution in the District Court and, on summary conviction, a fine of up to €5,000. A person who commits offences relating to the navigation or operation of a vessel without due care and attention to other persons is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding €5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one month or to both. Offences also exist where a person navigates or operates a vessel in a manner, including at a speed, which, is dangerous to other persons in or on those waters. (See section 1.7). Authorised Officers include members of the Garda Síochána, Naval Service, Harbour Masters and members of the Irish Maritime Administration who are authorised by the Minister. The Maritime Safety Act 2005 (No. 11 of 2005), as amended, also contains prohibitions on operating a vessel in Irish waters while under the influence of alcohol or drugs (see section 1.7). A member of the Garda Síochána who reasonably suspects that a person is committing or has committed an offence under Part 2 of the Maritime Safety Act 2005 or section 23 or 24 of that Act involving careless or dangerous navigation or operation of a craft may arrest without warrant the person. ### 1.2.9 Directive 2013/53/EU on recreational craft and personal watercraft *Pages 45–47* 1.2.8 Marine Equipment Directive and construction of leisure boats and personal watercraft between 2.5 metres and 24 metres in length, such as sailing craft, motor boats and jet skis. It also lays down particular requirements for manufacturers, importers, private importers and distributors of watercraft. The following watercraft products come within the scope of the Directive: Directive 2014/90/EU sets the performance and testing standards for marine safety equipment. Equipment complying with the Marine Equipment Directive is marked with a distinctive ships wheel mark. The Directive has been given effect in Irish law through the European Union (Marine Equipment) Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 177 of 2017), as amended. ▪Recreational craft of hull length from 2.5 metres to 24 metres; ▪Personal watercraft of less than 4 When purchasing marine equipment other than PFDs, ensure it always carries the approval wheel mark shown below as required by legislation. metres in hull length; ▪Partly completed watercraft, being either a recreational craft or personal watercraft; ▪Components, listed in Annex II of the Directive, when placed separately on the EU market; Marine Equipment Directive approval Wheelmark ▪Propulsion engines installed or intended to be installed on or in watercraft; ▪Propulsion engines installed or specifically intended for installation in or on watercraft, or subject to major engine modification; In the case of a PFD, ensure it always carries the approval CE mark shown opposite or the approval wheel mark shown above. ▪Watercraft subject to major craft conversion. Under Directive 2013/53/EU, any watercraft falling under its scope (whether new or second-hand) that is placed on the EU market for the first time must comply with the essential requirements as set out in the Annexes to the Directive. This guarantees their suitability for sale or use in the EU. The essential 1.2.9 Directive 2013/53/EU on recreational craft and personal watercraft Summary of Directive Directive 2013/53/EU updates legislative requirements in Ireland dating from June 1998 for the design materials and labelled as such by the manufacturer. requirements cover technical, safety and environmental specifications. Legislation ▪Experimental watercraft, provided Directive 94/25/EC, amended by Directive 2003/44/EC, continues to apply to recreational craft, personal watercraft, components or propulsion engines placed on the EU market for the first time before 18 January 2017. that the watercraft is not placed on the Union market. ▪Watercraft built for own use, provided that they are not subsequently placed on the Union market during a period of five years from the putting into service of the watercraft. Exempted watercraft Directive 2013/53/EU does not apply to some watercraft products intended for sports and leisure purposes as listed in Article 2.2 of the Directive. However, particular products are required to be labelled as specified in the Directive. With regard to the design and construction requirements, specified in Part A of Annex 1, the Directive does not apply to the following products: ▪Watercraft specifically intended to be crewed and to carry passengers for commercial purposes. ▪Submersibles, air cushion vehicles, and hydrofoils. ▪Amphibious vehicles, i.e. wheeled or track-laying motor vehicles, which are able to operate both on water and on solid land. ▪External combustion steam powered watercraft, fuelled by coal, coke, wood, oil or gas. ▪Watercraft intended solely for racing, including rowing racing boats and training rowing boats labelled as such by the manufacturer. Certain exemptions with regard to exhaust and noise emission requirements also apply as set out in the Directive. ▪Canoes and kayaks designed to be propelled solely by human power, gondolas and pedalos. Design categories for watercraft coming within the scope of the Directive The Directive specifies design categories (A, B, C and D) for watercraft based on suitability for navigation conditions such as ranges of wind force and significant wave height. Further information on these design categories can be found in Part A of Annex 1 to the Directive, ▪Surfboards designed solely to be propelled by wind and to be operated by a person or persons standing. ▪Surfboards. ▪Original historical watercraft and individual replicas thereof designed before 1950, built predominately with original where it is not possible to affix the CE mark to the product, it shall be affixed to the packaging and to the accompanying documentation. and they are summarised as follows: ▪Category A Recreational craft designed for winds that may exceed wind force 8 (Beaufort scale) and significant wave height of 4 m and above but excluding abnormal conditions, such as storm, violent storm, hurricane, tornado and extreme sea conditions or rogue waves. In summary, the CE marking must be affixed to: ▪all newly manufactured watercraft, components and propulsion engines, whether manufactured in the Member States or in third countries; ▪Category B Recreational craft designed for a wind force up to and including 8, and significant wave height up to and including 4 m. ▪all used and second-hand products when imported from third countries and placed on the EU market for the first time; ▪modified products that, as new, ▪Category C Watercraft designed for a wind force up to and including 6, and significant wave height up to and including 2 m. are subject to this Directive and which have been modified in a way that could affect the safety or the compliance of the product with the EU legislation. ▪Category D Watercraft designed for a wind force up to and including 4, and significant wave height up to and including 0.3 m, with occasional waves of 0.5 m maximum height. Other essential requirements in the Directive include: ▪an identification number for each watercraft and a requirement to carry the craft’s builder’s plate; CE marking and essential requirements All watercraft, components and propulsion engines are subject to CE marking, indicating that a product complies with the Directive. In the case of a watercraft, CE marking must be affixed to the Watercraft Builder’s Plate, mounted separately from the craft’s identification number, and in the case of a propulsion engine, directly on the engine. In the case of a component, ▪the need for watercraft to be designed to minimise the risk of falling overboard and to allow for easy re-boarding; ▪good all-round visibility for the operator, under normal conditions; ▪a written manual in a language easily understood by the end-user, to accompany all watercraft to ensure their safe use; ▪sufficient structure, stability and ### 1.2.10 Marine Casualty Investigation Board *Pages 48–48* administration of the Unique Code of the Manufacturer (UCM) and appointed the Marine Survey Office as the competent authority for assigning the UCM. buoyancy in accordance with its design category; Legislation ▪an emergency stopping device for all tiller-controlled outboard propulsion engines; ▪stricter limits for nitrogen oxide, See Appendix 7 for advice on purchasing products that fall within the scope of the recreational craft and personal watercraft Directive 2013/53/EU. From time to time the European Commission issues Safety Alerts via the Rapid Exchange of Information System (RAPEX) on unsafe consumer products. The system may be accessed at https:// ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/ screen/webReport#weeklyReports. hydrocarbons, and particulate matters for new propulsion engines for watercraft; ▪mandatory installation of holding tanks to recreational craft fitted with toilets, in order to contribute to marine environmental protection; ▪requirements for engines and engine compartments. European Union (Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft) Regulations The provisions of the Directive are given effect in Irish law by the European Union (Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft) Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 65 of 2017) as amended by S.I. No. 217 of 2017 and S.I. No. 288 of 2023. Attention is also drawn to Marine Notice No. 33 of 2015, Marine Notice No. 10 of 2017, Marine Notice No. 23 of 2017 and Marine Notice No. 44 of 2023 which provide further information regarding the requirements of the Directive and the related regulations. ![Figure from page 48](assets/p048-f02.webp) *Figure from page 48* CE Plate for Category ’C’ boat 1.2.10 Marine Casualty Investigation Board The Marine Casualty Investigation Board (MCIB) was established on 5 June 2002 under section 7(1) of the Merchant Shipping (Investigation of Marine Casualties) Act 2000 (No. 14 of 2000). Under the provisions of the Act, as amended, it is the responsibility of all owners, operators and skippers to advise the The European Union (Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft) (Procedures for Watercraft Identification) Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 217 of 2017) amended the rules on the assignment and ### 1.2.12 Radiocommunications *Pages 49–49* recreational craft are required to comply with any relevant bye-laws, in particular those in relation to: Board of the MCIB (see Appendix 10 for contact details) of any incident which qualifies as a marine casualty immediately or as soon as is practicable after it occurs. An Incident Report Form is available on the MCIB website – www.mcib. ie. Where it is considered that an incident warrants it, an investigation will be instigated by the MCIB, and an Accident Investigator appointed. ▪Safety of navigation ▪Speed limits ▪Operating within channels ▪Buoyage ▪Mooring and berthing. Details of bye-laws are available from the Harbour Masters Office and should be checked prior to using the port area. The European Communities (Merchant Shipping) (Investigation of Accidents) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 276 of 2011), as amended by S.I. No. 444 of 2020 and S.I. No. 538 of 2022, set out the regulatory framework governing the investigation of accidents in the maritime transport sector. The purpose of the Regulations is to improve maritime safety and the prevention of pollution by ships, and so reduce the risk of future marine casualties. The Regulations designate the MCIB as the investigative body in Ireland to investigate marine casualties and accidents. See www.mcib.ie for further information. 1.2.12 Radiocommunications The installation of marine band radio transmitting equipment on recreational craft is voluntary. However, it is recommended that all recreational craft carry at least one means of approved marine radiocommunications equipment in order to enable the initiation of a distress alert in the event of an emergency. See Appendix 2 for Guidance notes on Radiocommunications. If marine radiocommunication equipment is voluntarily fitted or carried on any type of recreational craft, the vessel must be licensed in accordance with the Wireless Telegraphy Acts. Licences are issued under the Wireless Telegraphy (Ship Station Radio Licence) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 414 of 2006). The responsibility for the licensing of radio communications equipment on Irish ships and the 1.2.11 Harbours Acts - Powers of Harbour Masters Harbours Acts 1996 to 2015 and Fishery Harbour Centres Acts 1968 to 2015. Under these Acts, Harbour Masters have the power to create bye-laws within the limits of their port areas. While the majority of shipping within such ports is of a commercial nature, ### 1.2.12 1 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons and Personal Locator Beacons *Pages 50–51* issuing of associated Certificates of Competency rests with the Marine Survey Office (MSO) of the Department of Transport. (b) The personnel operating the radio equipment must hold an appropriate Radio Operator’s qualification. Legislation A new online ship radio licence and EPIRB registration system is in place since October 2022. See Marine Notice No. 70 of 2022 regarding the Irish Maritime Radio Licence System (IMRAD). A ship radio licence is required under national and international legislation to certify that a vessel may operate approved radiocommunication equipment on specific maritime radio frequency bands. This allows the licensed vessel to operate without causing interference on marine band frequencies. The ship radio licence is also necessary for the assignment and recording of unique vessel radiocommunication maritime identifiers such as call signs and MMSI numbers. The licence document will contain a unique Radio Call Sign for the craft and a Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number if applicable. 1.2.12.1 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons and Personal Locator Beacons Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) A 406 MHz EPIRB is a radio transmitter that can be activated in an emergency situation to raise a distress alert. (Refer to Marine Notice No. 81 of 2022). When an EPIRB is activated, it transmits a signal that is detected by the Cospas-Sarsat satellite system (https://cospas-sarsat.int/en). As the satellites orbit the earth, they "listen" for any activated beacons. They retransmit the beacon signals to ground stations, which compute the beacon position and report the distress alert to search and rescue authorities. The basic requirements to obtain a Ship Station Radio Licence are as follows: (a) The radio equipment must be type approved in accordance with either the Marine Equipment Directive (2014/90/ EU) or the Radio Equipment Directive (2014/53/EU). Caution should be taken when purchasing marine radio equipment as non-approved equipment may not be licensed. This is particularly relevant for equipment purchased outside the European Union. The majority of beacon models also transmit a lower powered homing signal on 121.5 MHz as a reference for local search teams. In addition, newer EPIRBs may also contain an AIS homing (location) transmitter. Although the Cospas-Sarsat System is designed to independently locate Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) A Personal Locator Beacon or PLB is a portable radio transmitter and a personal life-saving appliance that can be attached to or form part of a personal flotation device. PLBs work on the same principle as EPIRBs. When correctly activated in an emergency situation, a PLB transmits a 406 MHz signal which is detected by the Cospas-Sarsat satellite system. The distress alert is then reported to search and rescue authorities and helps them in the detection and location of persons in distress. activated EPIRBs with accuracy using doppler techniques, newer beacons are available with an integrated GPS receiver chip for the EPIRB to determine its own location using signals from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) such as GPS. In order to ensure the greatest degree of positional accuracy in the event of a GPS EPIRB activation, GPS EPIRBs must be programmed with Standard Location Protocol with the Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number of the vessel. All EPIRBs must be tested regularly as per manufacturers instructions. Care should also be taken to ensure that the EPIRB battery is in date. ▪PLBs are designed to be carried by an individual. ▪EPIRBs can be manually activated or automatically activated on contact with water. All EPIRBs must be correctly programmed and registered with the MSO. Any changes to the vessel’s registered details must be immediately notified to the MSO. Search and rescue (SAR) authorities rely on the EPIRB register in the event of an EPIRB activation. Correct programming and registration is essential to ensure that the SAR authorities have accurate, reliable and up to date information about a vessel and its contacts in the event of an emergency. It also allows any inadvertent false alerts to be quickly resolved without the unnecessary deployment of search and rescue resources. (Refer to Marine Notices Nos. 70 and 81 of 2022). ▪PLBs usually can only be manually activated but some models activate on contact with water. The intended activity should be taken into account when selecting a PLB. ▪EPIRBs are designed to transmit while floating. ▪PLBs MUST be held clear out of the water for transmission. ▪The environmental survivability of EPIRBs is greater than that of PLBs. In view of the above, a PLB is not considered to be a substitute for an EPIRB. However, a PLB provides an effective means of distress alerting in a small craft if used correctly. ## 1.3 Legislation applicable to recreational craft greater than 12 metres in length ### 1.3.1 Nautical charts and publications *Pages 52–52* The wearing of a PLB by seafarers, particularly those boating alone, is recommended. It is recommended that PLBs carried on Irish vessels be the 406 MHz satellite type. It is also recommended that PLBs have an integrated GPS receiver. This is to enable greater position accuracy, hence a quicker response time in the event of activation. PLBs should be type approved by Cospas-Sarsat and certified in accordance with the Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/ EU. Legislation A PLB does not require a ship radio licence but all PLBs must be correctly registered with the Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg). A PLB has a unique identification code which is part of its signal. Correct registration of PLBs is essential to ensure that the SAR authorities have accurate, reliable and up to date information and contacts in the event of an emergency. Note: Compliance with the Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/ EU is indicated by a “CE Mark of Conformity”. ComReg has an online registration facility for PLB devices in Ireland – See Marine Notice No. 25 of 2010 as amended. As PLBs are not exclusively for use in the maritime environment, registration is completed with ComReg. PLB owners should register their PLB at https://www.comreg.ie/industry/ licensing/personal-locator-beacons/ Only PLBs that are programmed with the correct Irish Country Code (250) may be registered with ComReg. Any queries relating to PLB registration may be addressed to: 1.3 Legislation applicable to recreational craft greater than 12 metres in length 1.3.1 Nautical charts and publications Applicable Legislation: ▪Merchant Shipping (Carriage of Nautical Charts and Publications) Regulations 2021, S.I. No. 149 of 2021. These regulations require that all recreational craft of 12 metres in length and greater must carry: Commission for Communications Regulation One Dockland Central Guild Street North Dock Dublin 1 D01 E4XO. Website: www.comreg.ie Email: licensing@comreg.ie Phone: (01) 804 9668 (Consumer) (01) 804 9707 (Industry) 1. Correct charts for vessels that proceed to sea. 2. For craft that proceed to sea beyond a distance of 5 nautical miles from any coastline, one copy of each of the following publications as is appropriate for the voyage, carried on board in a readily accessible location: ## 1.4 Legislation applicable to recreational craft greater than 15 net registered tonnes (NRT) ### 1.4.1 Registration of recreational craft – Mercantile Marine Act 1955 as amended *Pages 53–53* 1.4 Legislation applicable to recreational craft greater than 15 net registered tonnes (NRT) (1) the International Code of Signals as currently maintained by the International Maritime Organization 1.4.1 Registration of recreational craft – Mercantile Marine Act 1955 as amended (2) Illustrated table of Life Saving Signals (See Appendix 1) (3) Relevant and applicable Marine Applicable legislation: Notices [Marine Notices are published on the Department of Transport website at https:// www.gov.ie/en/collection/ e762fd-marine-notices/] Mercantile Marine Act 1955, as amended. “An Act to provide for the national character, ownership and registry of Irish ships, for the mortgage, sale, transfer and measurement of tonnage of such ships.” (4) Mariners Handbook (5) Notices to Mariners, as relevant, as issued by local Port Authority (6) Nautical Almanac Registration imparts nationality on a vessel and brings it within the legal jurisdiction of the flag it flies. Therefore, Irish law applies to an Irish Flagged vessel even though it may be travelling worldwide. A vessel’s registration papers establish its bona fides in a very similar manner as a national passport does for an individual. Registration may establish criminal jurisdiction in the event of an incident or accident in international waters. (7) Navigational Tables (8) Admiralty Lists of Radio Signals (9) Lists of Lights (10) Sailing Directions (11) Tide Tables (12) Tidal Stream Atlases (13) Operating and maintenance instructions for navigational aids carried by the vessel (14) Volume III of the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) manual. A major advantage of registration is the establishment of Title to the vessel, i.e. who actually owns it. This is essential if planning to take the boat overseas. There are also financial aspects to registration – lending institutions will only offer marine mortgages on registered craft, and mortgages on all such craft are recorded. NOTE: A recreational craft that is less than 12 metres in length that goes out to sea or attempts to go out to sea is required to carry an Illustrated Table of Life Saving Signals. It is also possible to carry digital publications. ### 1.4.2 Future registration developments – Merchant Shipping (Registration of Ships) Act 2014 (No. 43 of 2014) *Pages 54–55* the person should ensure that his or her yacht is registered on the national register while operating abroad in order to comply with national statutory ship registration requirements. The 1955 Act does not discriminate between recreational and commercial craft – all are regarded as ships (unless propelled by oars) for the purpose of registration. The Act also defines those persons that may register a boat under the Irish flag as follows: Legislation As a general guide, many boats greater than 12 metres (40 ft) in length would likely equate to the 15 NRT tonnage figure. Should an owner require advice on the likelihood that his/her craft may qualify for registration, the Mercantile Marine Office of the IMA can advise. As outlined above, there is no current requirement for craft less than 15 NRT or for vessels owned by an Irish citizen who is not ordinarily resident in the State to be registered. However, should an owner wish to do so, these vessels are entitled to be registered in order to avail of benefits offered under the Act. ▪Irish or EU Member State nationals ▪Irish or EU bodies corporate, based within the EU ▪The Government or Ministers of the Government. Under section 18(1) of the 1955 Act every ship which is wholly owned by an Irish citizen or an Irish body corporate is required to be registered under the Act unless the ship is exempt under section 18(2). Exempt ships include those under 15 net tons while navigating on the rivers, canals, lakes or coasts of Ireland, Great Britain, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Ships owned by Irish citizens not ordinarily resident in the State are also exempt. However, under the Act, recreational craft greater than 15 NRT owned by an Irish citizen or an Irish body corporate must be registered in accordance with the terms of the Act. Further information on registration procedures, including survey and measurement, is available from the Mercantile Marine Office of the Department of Transport or from Revenue. The MMO is contactable at 01 – 6783480 or at mmo@transport.gov.ie. 1.4.2 Future registration developments – Merchant Shipping (Registration of Ships) Act 2014 (No. 43 of 2014) If leisure craft are navigating abroad outside the waters described above and are owned by an Irish citizen ordinarily resident in the State, they should be registered on the national register. Generally speaking, if a person is usually resident in Ireland, With the exception of section 69, the Merchant Shipping (Registration of Ships) Act 2014 has not yet been commenced. The main purpose of remove ships from the Register. A ship registration will have to be renewed up to 5 years after initial registration and at intervals of up to 10 years thereafter; the Act is to replace and update the Mercantile Marine Act 1955, as amended, and provide a basis for the establishment and regulation of a modern and comprehensive ship registration system that will be more efficient, user friendly and accessible for ship owners. Among the changes and improvements that will be facilitated under the Act are the following: ▪An improved enforcement and penalty regime. Regulations to be made under the Act will in due course set out the detail of the new Register structure and the different registration requirements for each Part of the Register. The requirements and conditions of registration for each Part of the new Register, and the registration fees, will vary depending on the type, size, use, etc., of the vessel involved, with less onerous requirements applying to smaller non-commercial recreational vessels. It is envisaged that the Part of the Register for personal watercraft and small fast powered craft will also accommodate the voluntary registration of most other types of recreational craft less than 24 metres in length if an owner wishes to register such craft. ▪A new centralised, electronic and accessible Irish Register of Ships consisting of different Parts for the registration of different types of ships and for different registration purposes; ▪An extension of mandatory ship registration to additional ship categories including fishing boats less than 15 metres in length overall, personal watercraft such as jet skis, small fast powered craft and some small commercial angling boats so that, subject to a number of exemptions, ships operating domestically will be required to be registered on the Register or to have a current valid registration conferring nationality from another country; The new ship registration regime will not come into operation until the necessary regulations are made under the 2014 Act and the new Irish Register of Ships and registration system are established under a separate IT project. Pending the establishment of the new Irish Register of Ships, the current arrangements under the 1955 Act for the registration of ships by officers of the Revenue Commissioners will continue. ▪New registration categories, including visitor registration for certain recreational craft visiting Ireland for short periods not exceeding 3 months where such vessels are not registered in another country; ▪The introduction of ship registration renewal and a facility to refuse ship registration or ## 1.5 Legislation applicable to recreational craft of 13.7 metres in length and greater ### 1.5.1 Lifesaving and Safety Equipment *Pages 56–57* 1.5 Legislation applicable to recreational craft of 13.7 metres in length and greater ▪Merchant Shipping (Life Saving Appliances) Rules 1993 (S.I. No. 380 of 1993). These apply to craft constructed after 1986. Legislation 1.5.1 Lifesaving and Safety Equipment ▪Merchant Shipping (Life Saving Appliances) Rules 1983 (Amendment) Rules 1993 (S.I. No. 381 of 1993). Applicable legislation: ▪Merchant Shipping Life Saving ▪Merchant Shipping (Life Appliances Rules. Saving Appliances) Rules 1983 (Amendment) (No. 2) Rules 1993 (S.I. No. 382 of 1993). Lifesaving appliances consist of items of lifesaving equipment such as lifejackets, liferafts, flares, lifebuoys, EPIRBs, etc. Under these Rules, recreational craft with a length of 13.7 m or greater are classed as Class XII vessels. The lifesaving appliances requirements applicable to Class XII vessels under these Rules are set out in Table B. The requirements differ depending on the length and area of operation of the vessel. There are different Rules for craft constructed before and after 1986, as follows: ▪Merchant Shipping (Life Saving Appliances) Rules 1983 (S.I. No. 302 of 1983). These apply to craft constructed before 1986. Table B: Class XII boats – Mandatory Lifesaving Equipment | Lifesaving Equipment | Recreational Craft (1)* 13.7 - 21.3 metres length Restricted operations | Recreational Craft (2)+ 13.7 - 21.3 metres length Seagoing (post 1986) | | --- | --- | --- | | Lifebuoys | | | | Lifebuoy for each 2 persons carried on board. (Minimum of 2) | ✓ | | | One Lifebuoy fitet d with self-activating smoke and light signal | ✓ | | | Lifesaving Equipment | Recreational Craft (1)* 13.7 - 21.3 metres length Restricted operations | Recreational Craft (2)+ 13.7 - 21.3 metres length Seagoing (post 1986) | | --- | --- | --- | | One Lifebuoy fitet d with buoyant line (18 m) | ✓ | ✓ | | 2 Lifebuoys, one fti et d with smoke/ light signal | | ✓ | | Lifejacket | | | | Lifejacket for each person on board | ✓ | | | Lifejacket for each person on board with light fitet d | | ✓ | | Pyrotechnics | | | | Six parachute flares or red star rockets | ✓ | ✓ | | Waterproof container for flares | ✓ | ✓ | | Rescue Signal Table | ✓ | ✓ | | Liferaft of sufficient capacity for all persons on board | | ✓ | | Launching instructions/posters for liferaft on display | | ✓ | | Training Manual for onboard safety equipment | | ✓ | | Maintenance instructions for safety equipment | | ✓ | ### 1.5.1 2 Class XII recreational craft constructed or after 1 July 1986 of 21.3 metres in length and greater *Pages 58–59* 1.5.1.1 Class XII recreational craft constructed on or after 1 July 1986 of 13.7 metres in length and greater but less than 21.3 metres in length Craft in this category are unlikely to proceed to sea and will always operate in smooth or partially smooth waters. If they do proceed to sea, it is usually during the period April to October, and they must remain within three miles of the coastline. Legislation These craft are covered by the Merchant Shipping (Life Saving Appliances) Rules 1993 – S.I. No. 380 of 1993. Category (2)+ craft that are engaged on either: Coastal areas are divided into areas of “smooth waters”, “partially smooth waters” and “to Sea”. The specific areas are defined in a Marine Notice issued by the Department of Transport and are subject to periodic review. As of 2024, the relevant Marine Notice is Marine Notice No. 23 of 2023. This Marine Notice is available at www.gov.ie - https:// www.gov.ie/en/collection/e762fdmarine-notices/ ▪ A voyage to sea, in the course of which the craft is more than three miles from the coast, or ▪ A voyage to sea during the months of November to March inclusive. 1.5.1.2 Class XII recreational craft constructed on or after 1 July 1986 of 21.3 metres in length and greater These craft are covered by the Merchant Shipping (Life Saving Appliances) Rules 1993 – S.I. No. 380 of 1993. Craft in this size range comprise two categories based on the area of operation and the time of the year. Different lifesaving appliances apply to the two categories, as follows: Craft greater than or equal to 21.3 metres in length and regardless of sea area operation must carry the lifesaving equipment set out in the following Table C. The Table lists the different lifesaving equipment and indicates what is required, depending on the size of the craft. Category (1)* craft that are either: ▪Engaged in voyages which do not proceed to sea, or ▪Which usually only proceed to sea during the months of April to October inclusive, on voyages during which the craft is never more than three miles from the coast. Table C: Class XII boats – Mandatory Lifesaving Equipment Legislation | Lifesaving Equipment | Recreational Craft 21.3 - 25.9 metres length Restricted operations | Recreational Craft of 25.9 metres length and greater | | --- | --- | --- | | Lifebuoys | | | | Lifebuoy for each 2 persons carried on board. (Minimum of 2) | ✓ | | | One Lifebuoy fitet d with self-activating smoke and light signal | ✓ | | | One Lifebuoy fitet d with buoyant line (18 metres) | ✓ | ✓ | | 2 Lifebuoys, one fitet d with smoke/light signal | | ✓ | | Lifejacket | | | | Lifejacket for each person on board | ✓ | | | Lifejacket for each person on board with light fitet d | | ✓ | | Pyrotechnics | | | | Six parachute flares or red star rockets | ✓ | ✓ | | Waterproof container for flares | ✓ | ✓ | | Rescue Signal Table | ✓ | ✓ | | Liferaft of sufficient capacity for all persons on board | ✓ | ✓ | | Launching instructions/posters for liferaft on display | ✓ | ✓ | | Training Manual for onboard safety equipment | ✓ | ✓ | | Maintenance instructions for safety equipment | ✓ | ✓ | | Line throwing appliance | ✓ | ✓ | | Rescue boat and launching davit | | ✓ | ### 1.5.2 1 Recreational craft of 13.7 metres in length and greater *Pages 60–61* 1.5.1.3 Class XII recreational craft constructed before 1 July 1986 its date of construction, the Rules impose similar requirements. Legislation Relevant Legislation: Safety Equipment requirements are broadly similar to those outlined in sections 1.5.1.1 and 1.5.1.2. Specific details can be obtained from the Department of Transport or by reading the Merchant Shipping (Life Saving Appliances) Rules 1983 (S.I. No. 302 of 1983). - Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) Rules 1967 (S.I. No. 101 of 1967) apply to craft built before 1980 - Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) (Post 1980 Ships) Rules 1983 (S.I. No. 303 of 1983) apply to craft built between 1980 and 1984 1.5.1.4 Recreational craft less than 13.7 metres in length - Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) (Post 1980 Ships) (Amendment) Rules 1985 (S.I. No. 278 of 1985) apply to craft built on or after 1 September 1984. There are no statutory lifesaving appliance requirements for recreational craft less than 13.7 metres in length apart from the Pleasure Craft (Personal Flotation Devices and Operation) (Safety) Regulations 2005 (S.I. No. 921 of 2005), as amended. However, it is strongly recommended that such vessels carry at least a minimum standard of life saving equipment. Guidance on this is given in Part B of this Code. 1.5.2.1 Recreational craft of 13.7 metres in length and greater See Table D, which lists the different fire fighting equipment and indicates what is required, depending on the size of the craft. 1.5.2 Fire-Fighting Equipment The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) Rules 2023 (S.I. No. 379 of 2023) contain requirements in relation to ship construction, fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction and apply to certain larger recreational craft built on or after 1 September 1984. Applicable legislation: ▪Merchant Shipping Fire Appliances Rules. The term “Fire Appliances” refers to items of fire-fighting equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire blankets, fire hoses and pumps, etc. While there are different sets of Rules which may apply to a recreational craft depending on Table D: Mandatory Fire Fighting Equipment | Equipment Item | Boats 13.7 - 15 metres in length | Boats 15 – less than 21.34 metres in length and less than 150 tonnes | Boats of 21.34 metres in length and greater | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Fire Extinguishers | | | | | 2 fri e extinguishers or fire buckets (one with lanyard) | ✓ | ✓ | | | 3 fri e extinguishers or fire buckets (one with lanyard) | | | ✓ | | 2 fri e extinguishers suitable for use on oil fires, for boats with internal combustion engines fitet d | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | Fire Pumps/Hoses | | | | | Manual fire pump (hand operated) | ✓ | ✓ | | | Dedicated fire pump sea suction | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | Fire hose | ✓ | ✓ | | | Fire hose nozzle (minimum diameter 6 mm) with jet and water spray | ✓ | ✓ | | | Power driven fire pump | | | ✓* | | Fire main and hydrant | | | ✓ | | 2 fri e hoses | | | ✓ | | Fire hose spray nozzle for machinery spaces | | | ✓ | | Fireman’s axe | | | ✓ | * Power driven fire pumps may be driven from the main engine. However, if this option is used, a second manual fire pump, external to the machinery spaces, must also be supplied. This additional manual pump must be able to supply a 6 metre jet of water through a 10 mm nozzle. ## 1.6 Inland Waterways and Canal Systems ### 1.5.2 2 Recreational craft less than 13.7 metres in length *Pages 62–62* 1.5.2.2 Recreational craft less than 13.7 metres in length relation to buoyage and marking schemes on some inland waterways. Legislation There are currently no statutory fire appliance requirements for recreational craft less than 13.7 metres in length. However, it is strongly recommended that such vessels carry at least a minimum standard of fire appliances. Guidance on this is given in Part B of this Code. 1.6.1 Shannon Navigation Acts and associated Bye-Laws Relevant legislation for the Shannon system: ▪Shannon Navigation Acts 1990 and 2005 ▪Shannon Navigation (Construction of Vessels) Bye-laws 1992 (S.I. No. 79 of 1992) 1.6 Inland Waterways and Canal Systems ▪Shannon Navigation Bye-laws 1992 (S.I. No. 80 of 1992), as amended. Inland waterways comprise the navigable sections of the larger rivers, the canal network and lakes. Conditions on inland waterways are generally not as severe as those experienced in coastal regions. For the purposes of this Code, inland waterways refer to non-tidal and/ or fresh water. There are a number of different authorities with a role in managing navigable inland waterways in the State. There is more detail on these authorities in Chapter 3. The above legislation applies to any recreational craft based on the Shannon waterway, including lakes and tributaries. S.I. No. 79 of 1992 specifically refers to vessel construction requirements, the safety equipment required to be carried, engine installations, Liquid Petroleum Gas and cooker installations. S.I. No. 80 of 1992 defines authorised officers and their powers, speed limits, maximum drafts, rules of navigation, crewing levels, use of facilities and groundings. In Ireland, Waterways Ireland has responsibility for the Shannon Navigation, the Grand Canal, the Royal Canal, the Barrow Navigation and the Shannon Erne Waterway. The Corrib is managed by the Corrib Navigation Trustees. Parts of other waterways come under the jurisdiction of the relevant Harbour Authority and still others (e.g. the Slaney) have no navigation authority per se but may be subject to local authority bye-laws. Appendix 3 provides further information in All vessels operating on the Shannon Navigation must be registered with Waterways Ireland as set out in Bye-Laws 5 and 6 of the Shannon Navigation Bye-Laws 1992 (S.I. No. 80 of 1992). A “vessel” is defined as any craft that is not: ▪an open boat or undecked punt ### 1.6.4 Navigation on the Corrib System *Pages 63–63* painted Red on the Port hand and Green on Starboard hand when proceeding upstream. Navigation marks are not lit on the Shannon. ▪a canoe, skiff, skull ▪a row boat ▪a boat designed to be propelled primarily by oars or sail On the Shannon Erne Waterway east of Lough Scur, the marking system changes to a system of red marks with white flashes where the white flash indicates the safe side. The Corrib system uses a red and green lateral buoyage system which is the same as that on the Shannon. ▪propelled by engine greater than 15 horsepower. The bye-laws were amended in 1994 to prevent the discharge of sewage directly into the navigation from any vessel. 1.6.2 Navigation on the Shannon 1.6.3 Canal System Navigation The Shannon Navigation Bye-laws (S.I. No. 80 of 1992) identify the rules to be followed by craft navigating the Shannon waterways. Navigation on the Royal and Grand Canals is controlled by bye-laws made under the Canals Act 1986 and 2005. Please contact Waterways Ireland for further details on these bye-laws. While similar in content to the COLREGS, there are a number of additional specific rules that apply. [Note: At time of print, Waterways Ireland was reviewing the Shannon Navigation, Canals and other Bye- Laws. Check the Waterways Ireland website at www.waterwaysireland. org for further updates on amended bye-laws.] ▪Vessels shall not run abreast or overtake in any part of the navigation less than 13 m in width. ▪Vessels navigating with the stream shall be given precedence for passage through a bridge by those craft navigating against the stream of the river. 1.6.4 Navigation on the Corrib System ▪Boats should keep to the starboard The Lough Corrib Navigation Trustees are responsible for the maintenance of navigation aids and a limited number of piers on the Corrib system, maintenance of the Eglinton canal system, associated walkways, tow paths, lock gates and boundary walls. side of the fairway passing port to port. ▪A craft proceeding upstream must give way to those going downstream. ▪Speed limits are to be adhered to as laid down in the Bye-laws. 1.7 Maritime Safety Act 2005 (No. 11 of 2005), as amended ▪On entering the Shannon Navigation, the direction of Buoyage is Northwards. One of the primary purposes of this Act is to strengthen the law against improper use of certain recreational Buoys, Beacons and Perches are ## 1.7 Maritime Safety Act 2005 (No. 11 of 2005), as amended ### 1.7 Maritime Safety Act 2005 (No. 11 of 2005), as amended *Pages 64–65* A member of the Garda Síochána who reasonably suspects that a person is committing or has committed an offence under Part 2 of the Maritime Safety Act 2005 or section 23 or 24 of that Act involving careless or dangerous navigation or operation of a craft may arrest without warrant the person. craft, to outlaw reckless behaviour in operating or on board vessels and to promote good practice in operating vessels generally. The Act also updates safety regulation-making provisions for passenger boats, fishing vessels and pleasure craft, and updates penalty and other provisions of certain related Acts. The main provisions of the Act which affect recreational craft are as follows: The Local Government Management Agency website provides links to the individual websites for each local authority area – https://www.lgma. ie/en/irish-local-government/. It is recommended that checks are made with the relevant local authority for information on the beach bye-laws that may apply in that county. Part 2 Personal Watercraft and Recreational Craft The main provisions of this Part are: ▪Clear powers for local authorities, Waterways Ireland, harbour companies, Iarnród Éireann and, in respect of the six fishery harbour centres, the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine, to make byelaws to regulate and control the use of jet skis and other fast powered recreational craft. Part 3 Prohibitions relating to Vessels – Codes of Practice for the Safe Operation of Vessels The main provisions of this Part address: ▪The appointment by local authorities, Waterways Ireland, harbour companies, Iarnród Éireann and, in respect of the six fishery harbour centres, the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine, of authorised persons to enforce the provisions of the Act. The Garda Síochána also play a key role in enforcement. ▪the prohibition of the use of “unseaworthy” vessels in or on any waters ▪a prohibition on careless or dangerous navigation or operation of vessels ▪prohibitions on the operation of a vessel while under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or drugs and alcohol ▪actions arising from drunkenness, ▪The seizure, detention and forfeiture of craft involved in serious offences and the disqualification of serious offenders from operating the craft in question in the interest of public safety and heritage protection. disruptive behaviour, etc., of persons on board a vessel ▪a prohibition on endangering ▪Fines of up to €2,000 on vessels or the safety of persons on board leading, on summary conviction, to a fine of up to €5,000 summary conviction for bye-law contraventions. or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or both, or on conviction on indictment to a fine not exceeding €100,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or both ▪the preparation and publication of and wreck. The Act sets out the roles and responsibilities of various participants in salvage and wreck situations. The Department of Transport has the lead policy role under the Act. Operational responsibility for the area lies with the Revenue Commissioners whose role is to deal with any wreck found in or on shores of the sea or any tidal water or harbour. Codes of Practice to promote the proper and safe operation of vessels. Part 4 Safety Regulations – Passenger Boats, Fishing Vessels and Pleasure Craft ▪Where vessels are in distress, the Irish Coast Guard and Harbour Masters are authorised under the Act to take steps to save lives onboard the vessel, including the vessel and cargo. In accordance with the Act and in certain circumstances involving a wreck, the harbour authority, local authority and Irish Lights have responsibilities under the threat of pollution or danger to navigation. ▪The main provisions of this Part, as amended, update and restate Ministerial regulation-making provisions dating from 1992 in relation to passenger boats, fishing vessels and pleasure craft. Part 5 Amendment of Certain Enactments This Part updates the offences, enforcement and penalty provisions in a number of related Acts, including those relating to fixed payment notices (“on-the-spot-fines”). ▪Any ship-wreck or related material, including cargo, regardless of how small, that is found in Irish territorial waters up to the twelve mile limit or outside Ireland, and brought within Irish territorial waters must, by law, be reported to a Receiver of Wreck. More information, including the list of Receivers, can be found at www.revenue.ie (https://www. revenue.ie/en/customs/businesses/ rules-reporting-aviation-marine/ receivers-of-wreck/index.aspx) Part 6 Provisions relating to the foreshore and to foreshore and aquaculture licences Part 6 amends certain provisions in the Foreshore Acts. 1.8 Other legislation and considerations 1.8.1 Merchant Shipping (Salvage and Wreck) Act 1993 – Wrecks and stranded vessels ▪If salvaged cargo is brought into the State, the role of the Receiver of Wreck is to receive the wreck, secure it, notify relevant parties in line with the provisions of the Act and seek to find any party with a legitimate claim to it. ▪The Merchant Shipping (Salvage and Wreck) Act 1993 is the principal Irish legislation governing salvage ## 1.8 Other legislation and considerations ### 1.8.1 Merchant Shipping (Salvage and Wreck) Act 1993 – Wrecks and stranded vessels *Pages 66–67* For example, where the use of recreational craft involves an employer/employee relationship or where the use of such craft directly relates to an undertaking of a selfemployed person, there are duties imposed under the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005. Further information on the 2005 Act is available from the Health and Safety Authority at www.hsa.ie or Locall 0818 289 389 (between 9am and 3:00pm, Monday to Friday or email contactus@hsa.ie). ▪It is an offence to board or attempt to board any wrecked or stranded vessel without the permission of the master or owner of that vessel. This is unless acting in an emergency for the purpose of either saving the lives of shipwrecked persons or saving the vessel or any part of its cargo or apparel from destruction. Legislation ▪Any person authorised to raise or remove a wrecked or stranded vessel must exercise due care in carrying out such operations to prevent or minimise damage to the environment. 1.8.3 Environmental Pollution – dangerous waste and litter Certain wrecks may be protected under the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1987 and a licence may be required from the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage to dive such wrecks. Marine litter is an increasing problem for the marine environment and can harm ocean ecosystems, wildlife and humans. Plastic litter can persist in the marine environment indefinitely. Recreational craft users have a role to play in ensuring that they act responsibly in the disposal of all food, domestic and operational wastes produced on board. This includes food wastes, paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery, discarded fishing lines/hooks/nets, baby care products and other refuse from vessels. The basic principles are: 1.8.2 Other requirements for commercial recreational craft operations The main focus of this Code of Practice is the recreational use of craft in Irish waters. However, owners and operators of recreational craft are reminded that where such craft are operated on a commercial basis, certain other legislative requirements under other relevant legislation such as the Merchant Shipping Acts, the Sea Pollution Acts, and the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 (No. 10 of 2005) may apply in particular circumstances. ▪Never put any refuse into the sea or other water; ▪Retain any refuse on board, store it in a container and dispose of it correctly ashore, recycling where possible. ### Part B ![Figure from page 67](assets/p067-f01.webp) *Figure from page 67* Recommended Guidelines for the Safe Operation of Recreational Craft ## Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation ### Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation *Pages 69–72* ## 2 Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice It is recommended that all owners and users of sail and motor boats should follow this Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice both before going on the water and while on the water: Get training from an approved training provider in the correct use of the type of craft you wish to use; Wear a Personal Flotation Device/Lifejacket: Know about the legal requirements in relation to the wearing and carrying of Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets and the need for the proper care and maintenance of such devices. These requirements are dealt with in Part A of the Code of Practice. Select the proper type based on activity or boating conditions. See Marine Notice No. 32 of 2019; Check current weather forecasts and sea conditions prior to departure and plan your voyage accordingly. If bad weather is forecast, consider postponing your trip. Strong tides and currents can carry you away very quickly, so watch what is happening around you to avoid getting caught out. If in doubt, don’t go out! (see Appendix 6, Weather, Sea States and Tides); Check for any Hazards and Risks and Prepare a Passage Plan - See Appendix 8 of the Code of Practice for an example of a passage planning template and note the information on hazards and risk assessment on pages 10 – 16. Assess the hazards and risks before leaving shore but continue to be aware during your trip as the conditions can change; Avoid operating alone: Be aware of the additional risks involved with single person operation when there is nobody else on board or nearby to help you or to raise the alarm. Make sure you have an effective means of quickly re-boarding your craft in the event that you fall overboard; Carry out Pre-Departure Safety Checks and Briefing – Check the condition of your craft and safety equipment. All persons on board should know what to do in the event of an emergency, where the safety/emergency equipment is on board, e.g. flares, radio equipment, lifejackets, etc., and how to use the equipment; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Tell someone about the plans for your trip - a designated person ashore should know your departure and return times, where you are going, and what to do to raise the alarm if necessary. See page 63 for a suggested information template; Let the Coast Guard know: Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station – see page 61 for further information; Bring a dependable means of communication. VHF radio equipment is the recommended method of communication and craft users should be familiar with its use. Mobile phones should not be relied on and should only be considered as a back up means of communication. Where mobile phone use is proposed, the phone should be in a waterproof pouch with a lanyard, be fully charged at all times and the signal strength and charge indicator should be regularly checked while the vessel is underway; Consider bringing an appropriate Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) or Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) as these provide an effective means to send a distress alert. See Marine Notice No. 25 of 2010 as amended, Marine Notice No. 38 of 2013, Marine Notice No. 70 of 2022 and sections 1.2.12.1, 11.3 and Appendix 2 of the Code for further information, including in relation to the registration of such devices; Be responsible – do not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs during a trip: when operating a recreational craft, a person must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or of drugs and alcohol to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the craft; Be aware of and recognise the symptoms of fatigue – get proper sleep and rest before your journey; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Wear suitable clothing and footwear; Float to live: If you unexpectedly fall into the water, the initial cold shock can cause you to gasp, breathe uncontrollably, breathe in water and panic. If you are not wearing a Personal Flotation Device or lifejacket, lay your head back with ears submerged. Stay calm, try to relax and breath normally. Try to float or tread water while you catch your breath. A properly fitted lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you gasp air. Once the cold shock has passed, try to get hold of something that will help you float and get as much of your body out of the water as possible. To lessen heat escape, keep your legs together with arms and elbows by your side. Once you are calm, call for help; In a marine emergency, raise the alarm on VHF Channel 16 or call999 or 112 and ask for the Coast Guard. ### 2.2.1 Traffic Report Messages – Let the Coast Guard know *Pages 73–75* 2.1 Training with any dangers that may be encountered during the trip It is recommended that persons participating in sailboat and motorboat activities undertake appropriate training. A number of training schemes and approved courses are available and information can be obtained directly from course providers (see Appendix 9 for details of course providers). ▪Contingency Plan – always have a plan, should anything go wrong. Before departing, consider places where a boat can take refuge should conditions deteriorate or if the crew suffer an incident or injury. The GPS set could fail at the most inconvenient time so it is good practice to make sure that the crew are not over-reliant on the GPS and can navigate to safety using alternative means such as headlands and landmarks should it fail. 2.2 Voyage Planning All voyages, regardless of their purpose, duration or distance, require some element of voyage planning. SOLAS V (see Marine Notice No. 30 of 2023) requires that all users of recreational craft going to sea consider the following: ▪Communication – make sure to have a reliable means of communication for use in the event of an emergency and carry it on your person whenever possible. See Marine Notice No. 40 of 2019. ▪Weather forecasts (see Appendix 6) – check the weather forecast and get regular updates if planning to be out for any length of time See Appendix 8 for an example of a voyage/passage planning template. ▪Tidal information – check the tidal predictions for the trip 2.2.1 Traffic Report Messages – Let the Coast Guard know ▪Limitations of the vessel – is the boat suitable for the proposed trip and is there sufficient safety equipment and stores on board? Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message (TR) via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station. Marine Notice No. 61 of 2020 provides information regarding Irish Coast Guard VHF working channels. There is no charge for this service. ▪Capability of the crew on board – take into account the experience and physical ability of the crew. Crews may be impacted by the cold, tiredness and seasickness and this could result in an overburdened skipper ▪Planned route utilising charts and Please note, however, that it is still the responsibility of your designated contact person ashore to report any pilotage information as required – make sure the crew is familiar shore contact should raise an alarm from ashore if you fail to return as planned. concerns if your boat is overdue in returning from a voyage. The Irish Coast Guard will not initiate overdue procedures based on Traffic Report messages. Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation A TR can be created by VHF radio (Channel 16 or IRCG VHF working channels) or by phoning the relevant Coast Guard Rescue Co-ordination Centre on: In the event of an emergency, a TR will help rescue authorities know where to start looking and how many people are aboard your vessel. When you have completed your trip and have arrived at your destination, please remember to close the TR via VHF radio or phone to confirm that you have safely completed your voyage. Failing to close the TR will not initiate a search. Your +353 (0)1 662 0922 for MRCC Dublin, +353 (0)74 937 0103 for MRSC Malin Head, or +353 (0)66 947 6109 for MRSC Valentia. Information to create a TR should include the following: Traffic Report Message (TR) Date: Vessel Name (and Call Sign): Vessel Type: Leaving Time: Leaving from: Going to: Estimated time of arrival at destination: Estimated time of arrival following return journey: Number of persons on board: 2.2.2 Designate a shore-based Contact Person It is most important to always ensure that a designated person ashore is aware of the intended voyage, departure and return times, and knows what to do to raise the alarm if the need arises. Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation Shore-based Contact Person Template | Vessel name and description including Call Sign | Date | | --- | --- | | Route (passage plan summary) | Distance/Time | | Number of persons on Board | | | Name and contact information of person/ organisation ashore informed of the voyage details | | | Departure time | | | Estimated time of arrival or return | | | Procedure for alarm raising | In an emergency ring 999 or 112 or use VHF Channel 16 and ask for the Coast Guard | Units, declared resources such as the RNLI and Community Inshore Rescue Boats. Other resources utilised by the Coast Guard on request include Air Corps and Naval Service, the Marine Incident Response Group (e.g. Fire Services and Civil Defence), the Marine Ambulance Response Team (National Ambulance Service) and vessels and aircraft in the area. Operations Section in the IRCG coordinates response to incidents through the Marine Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC Dublin), MRSC Valentia and MRSC Malin. Response on the coast is provided by Search and Rescue Units (SRUs), which include Coast Guard Helicopters, Coast Guard Volunteer ### 2.3 Pre-departure Safety Checks and Briefing *Pages 76–77* 2.3 Pre-departure Safety Checks and Briefing ▪The circumstances under which the skipper requires the use of tethers – safety lines should be worn at night, in heavy or restricted weather or on the instructions of the master ▪Be aware of the current weather forecast for the area. ▪Engine checks should include oil levels, coolant and fuel reserves. ▪Location and use of fire-fighting equipment ▪Before the commencement of any voyage, the skipper should ensure that all persons on board are briefed on the following emergency procedures: ▪Procedures and operation of communications equipment ▪Location of navigation and other light switches ▪Method of starting, stopping and ▫The stowage and use of personal controlling the main engine safety equipment such as PFD/ lifejackets, foul weather gear, lifebuoys and fire-fighting appliances ▪Method of navigating to a suitable place of safety. Safety cards are an acceptable way of providing the above information. ▫A simple plan of the boat showing the locations of such safety equipment and posted in a prominent manner is a useful aid 2.4 Recommended safety equipment ▫The nominated first aider should On sailboats and motor boats less than 13.7 metres in length, the safety equipment carried should reflect the boat’s function and area of operation. be introduced ▫Location and use of navigation equipment. In addition to the above, the skipper should provide a more intensive briefing to all crew and/or at least one other person who will be going on the voyage regarding the following: For the purpose of this Code, sailboats and motor boats are classed in six categories, four of which refer to coastal waters and are covered in this Chapter. The remaining two categories are dealt with in Chapter 3. ▪Location of liferafts and the method of launching The four categories in this Chapter cover a specific area of operation and are based on wind strength and significant wave heights. However, it should be noted that actual wave heights and wind strengths ▪Procedures for the recovery of a person from the water (see Chapter 11, including section 11.7 regarding man overboard and recovery procedures) Appendices 4 and 6 provide information in relation to anchoring, stability and boat handling, and weather, sea states and tides respectively. encountered by such design categories may at times be greater. Boat owners should be aware of the category that applies to their vessel, based on its intended usage and area of operation, and ensure it is equipped with the required safety equipment. 2.4.1 Category A - Ocean Boats in this category would generally be expected to be greater than 10 metres in length and - The following paragraphs provide a list and description of each of the vessel categories. Table E recommends the type and quantity of equipment that each category of craft should carry in the respective operating areas. ▪undertake ocean passages, ▪be capable of sustaining seas greater than 4 metres in height and wind force greater than Beaufort 8. ### 2.4.1 Category A - Ocean *Pages 78–83* 2.4.2 Category B – Offshore with Collision Regulations (see Appendix 1) or local navigation bye-laws; Boats in this category would generally be expected to be in excess of 7 metres in length and - Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation ▪be capable of operating in seas of up to 0.3 metres in height with occasional waves of maximum height 0.5 metres, and wind force up to Beaufort 4. ▪cruise around the coasts of Ireland, U.K. and NW Europe, ▪undertake offshore passages of between 50 and 500 miles, 2.5 Safety Equipment Checklist ▪be capable of sustaining seas up to Table E sets out the recommended type and quantity of equipment that should be carried for each category of craft. The levels of recommended equipment should be regarded as a minimum. Owners are encouraged to equip boats to a higher standard. 4 metres in height and wind force up to Beaufort 8. 2.4.3 Category C – Inshore Boats in this category would generally be expected to be in excess of 5 metres in length and - Mariners should stow fire extinguishers and a hand-held VHF in the cockpit, where possible, in order that they are readily accessible in the event of an emergency and in order to avoid having to go below to retrieve them. ▪operate within 10 miles of land, and always about four hours from a safe harbour that can be accessed at all times and under all tidal conditions, ▪be capable of operating in seas up to 2 metres in height and wind force up to Beaufort 6. It is recommended that auxillary motors for sailing yachts should be suitably sized for the intended area of operation and the vessel in question. 2.4.4 Category D – Sheltered waters Boats in this category would generally be expected to: Sail boat and motorboat – Offshore/ Coastal ▪operate on tidal estuaries or ▪Category A Craft - Ocean inshore coastal waters adjacent to a safe harbour; ▪Category B Craft - Offshore ▪Category C Craft – Inshore ▪only be used during the hours ▪Category D Craft – Sheltered of daylight, unless equipped with necessary lights to comply waters Table E: Sail and Motor Boats - Coastal | Type of Equipment | Vessel Category and Quantity of Equipment | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1. Lifesaving and personal safety equipment | A | B | C | D | | 1.1 A suitable PFD/lifejacket for each person on board of at least 150 Newtons (CE EN 396/I.S. EN ISO 12402-3:2006) (see Appendix 5). | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ (100N) | | 1.2 Crew safety harness/lifelines for all crew that may have to work on deck at any time. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 1.3 Appropriate clothing. Sunscreen (SPF factor 30 or higher and UVA protection). | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 1.4 An immersion suit for each crew member if operating in northern latitudes. | ✓ | ✓ | | | | 1.5 Jack Lines capable of being rigged port and starboard and extending from the aft of the cockpit to the foredeck for use with crew lifelines. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 1.6 Life raft of sufficient capacity to cater for all crew carried*. | ✓ | ✓ | *✓ | | | 1.7 Emergency Liferaft Grab Bag for abandoning ship. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 1.8 A Throw Bag/buoyant heaving line. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 1.9 Horseshoe type lifebelt with light. Danbuoy with flag fitet d to one lifebelt. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 1.10 Buoyancy sling with floating line – can be fitet d in lieu of one horseshoe lifebelt. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 1.11 Boarding Ladder. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | *Category C craft engaged on overnight coastal passages. | 2. Flares (all to be within expiry date and manufacturer’s instructions to be followed - see Chapter 11) | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2.1 Hand held distress flares. | (6) | (4) | (4) | (2) | | 2.2 Hand held white flares. | (4) | (4) | | | | 2. Flares (all to be within expiry date and manufacturer’s instructions to be followed - see Chapter 11) | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2.3 Parachute rocket red flares. | (12) | (4) | (4) | | | 2.4 Orange smoke signal canisters. | (2) | (2) | (2) | (2) | | 3. Radios and Communications (see Appendix 2 for additional requirements for Sea Area A1, A2) | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3.1 A suitable fixed Marine Band VHF radio transmitet r, with DSC facility (Operators licence required from MSO). | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 3.2 Marine Band MF/HF/SSB and/or global satellite communication system. | ✓ | | | | | 3.3 EPIRB – type 406 – registered in the name of the vessel. | ✓ | ✓ | | | | 3.4 Radio Transponder unit – SART. | ✓ | | | | | 3.5 AIS Type B | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 3.6 Waterproof hand held radio. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 3.7 A radio receiver AM/FM, capable of receiving shipping forecasts, and national/local weather forecasts. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 3.8 Mobile Phone (in waterproof holder) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 3.9 NAVTEX | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 4. Fire Protection, Detection and Extinction | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 4.1 Fire blanket – CE marked. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | # | | 4.2 Fire extinguishers in addition to a suitable extinguisher to fight oil fires in engine spaces or fire bucket*. | (3) | (3) | (2) | | | 4.3 All cookers/heaters using Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) should be installed as outlined in Marine Notice No. 37 of 2017. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 4.4 Gas detection and alarm system** | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 4. Fire Protection, Detection and Extinction | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 4.5 Smoke Alarm. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 4.6 Carbon Monoxide Alarm. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓* | # If carrying cooking equipment * Do not deploy the bucket overboard while the boat is moving. ✓* In craft with enclosed accommodation. ** Where gas is installed. | 5. Navigation Equipment | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 5.1 Echo Sounder. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.2 Steering Compass. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.3 Hand Bearing Compass. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.4 Speed Log. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.5 GPS. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.6 Radar Reflector. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.7 Foghorn, powered or aerosol type. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 5.8 Barometer. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.9 Clock. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.10 Binoculars. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.11 Sextant and tables. | ✓ | | | | | 5.12 Navigation drawing instruments, parallel ruler, dividers or plotting instrument. | ✓ | ✓ | | | | 5.13 Full set of fixed navigation lights including anchor lights. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 5.14 Suitable up to date charts, nautical publications and tide tables for areas of cruising. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 6. Bilge Pumping | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6.1 Manual bilge pump capable of pumping from any hull watertight compartment and with all hatches closed. | (2) | (2) | ✓ | ✓ | | 6. Bilge Pumping | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6.2 At least one complete repair kit including spares should be carried. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 6.3 An electric or engine driven pump can be substituted for a manual model. | ✓ | ✓ | | | | 6.4 A bucket of capacity 8 – 12 litres, suitably fitet d with a rope lanyard.* | ✓(2) | ✓(2) | ✓ | ✓ | | 6.5 Softwood tapered plugs, located adjacent to all through hull underwater fittings. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 6.6 All through hull fittings to be fitet d with isolation valves. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | * Do not deploy the bucket overboard while the boat is moving. | 7. Anchors and Warps | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 7.1 Anchor with chain/warp, as appropriate for a vessel’s size and operating area ground holding conditions. | (2) | (2) | ✓ | ✓ | | 7.2 Boats should have a suitably reinforced deck cleat/Samson post on the foredeck, and means of closing over the bow roller or fairlead used when anchoring. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 7.3 An adequate supply of warps and fenders. These should include suitable warps to allow the craft to be towed if necessary. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 8. General Equipment | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 8.1 Emergency steering means, i.e. tiller for vessels fitet d with wheel steering as their primary means of steering. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 8.2 Waterproof torch, capable of also being used for signalling. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 8.3 An appropriate tool kit and spare parts for the type of craft being used. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 8. General Equipment | A | B | C | D | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 8.4 Suitable secondary means of engine starting including batet ry, hand start or suitable jump leads. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 8.5 Suitable First Aid Kit including a First Aid manual. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 8.6 Storm sails which can be quickly rigged, or the facility to deep reef sails on yachts. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 8.7 Emergency repair kit including sail repair kit, spare wash boards and window blanks. | ✓ | ✓ | | | | 8.8 Emergency water supply. | ✓ | ✓ | | | | 8.9 Bosun's Chair. | ✓ | ✓ | | | | 8.10 Instruction manuals for vessel’s essential equipment. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | 8.11 Rigid or inflatable tender. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | 2.6 Special considerations for persons with disabilities 2.7 Competitive use – Yachts The Irish Sailing Association, now known as Irish Sailing, is the national authority for sailboat racing in Ireland. All vessel owners/skippers participating competitively must be members of Irish Sailing and all such racing must comply with World Irish Sailing and Sailability Ireland encourage and support the participation of persons with disabilities in sailing. Further information is available at www.sailing.ie. ### 2.8.1 Training *Pages 84–84* course for Diver Cox’ns in Ireland. Diving Ireland is accredited to CMAS (Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques – World Underwater Federation) for its diving and instructor qualifications and its qualifications sit on the Sport Ireland Adventure Sports Instructor Framework. For further information, contact Diving Ireland or visit www.diving.ie (see Appendix 9 for details of course providers). Sailing Racing Rules for Sailing, the rules of the National Authority and the rules of the particular Class Association, where applicable. When a vessel sailing under these Rules meets a vessel that is not, the vessel shall comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (see Appendix 1). Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation For information on safety guidelines and regulations governing sailing, please contact Irish Sailing or visit their website www.sailing.ie. See Appendix 10 for contact details. Irish Sailing provides Dive Boat Coxswain courses from time to time. There are a number of training organisations that provide training in underwater activities (SCUBA, freediving, etc.). Many training organisations do not provide Boat Handling or Cox’n skills courses beyond basic seamanship. Those engaging in the sport of diving or freediving should ensure to be adequately trained in line with a recognized training agency, ideally in line with relevant ISO standards. 2.8 Dive Boat operations 2.8.1 Training Dive boat operators are recommended to undertake appropriate training and survival courses. Training courses cover a range of important safety issues including dive planning and preparation, navigation and safety equipment, diving in low-visibility conditions, how to deal with out-ofair emergencies, the use of surface marker buoys and how to call for help and deal with an emergency on the surface. 2.8.2 Safety Dive boat operators should be competent in the following: ▪Be familiar with and experienced Diving Ireland is the National Governing Body for recreational underwater sports in Ireland and is responsible for the setting of standards for recreational diving and associated activities, which include the operation of dive boats as part of recreational diving activities. The Diving Ireland Diver Cox’n course is the recommended in “picking up divers”, recovery of equipment procedure in the water, and relevant hand signals. ▪Be aware of procedures for missing diver and missing pair of divers on the surface. ▪Ability to initiate first aid and oxygen administration to an injured diver(s). ### 2.8.3 Pre-departure Checks and Briefing *Pages 85–85* All dive boats should have their engine in neutral when deploying and recovering divers. and equipment prior to departure. Dedicated bottle stowage racks should be fitted to dive boats. ▪Ensure all equipment carried on 2.8.3 Pre-departure Checks and Briefing the craft is stowed correctly to ensure that the stability and safety of the craft is not compromised. Dive boat users should observe the following additional precautions: ▪Correct flag and signals must be displayed to indicate to other boat users that there are divers in the water. ▪Be aware of weather forecast, tidal conditions and the bottom conditions for the dive site. ▪International ▪Ensure that there are at least Code of signals Flag “A”. “I have a diver down, keep clear”. Preferably a solid replica of Flag “A”, e.g. painted plywood. two appropriate means of raising the alarm such as a VHF radio, a Personal Locator Beacon or flares. ▪Ensure that the diving group is briefed prior to departure. ▪When conducting night dives, ▪Contact the Irish Coast Guard ensure that the craft displays the correct Navigation Lights in accordance with the IRPCS (Red over White over Red indicating a vessel with restricted ability to manoeuvre, i.e. diver down) with the dive plan before leaving (Traffic Route). ▪Log a Dive Traffic Report message – see section 2.8.4. ▪Complete Dive Log Sheet for all divers (check in and out of the water). ▪Divers should deploy delayed surface marker buoys (DSMB) while performing their ascent to the surface. This alerts others to your location in advance of your ascent. ▪Wear a suitable PFD/lifejacket when travelling to and from dive site (S.I. No. 921 of 2005). ▪Ensure all diving equipment is ▪Dive boats should not obstruct regularly tested and serviced as per manufacturers guidelines. channels or approaches to harbours. ▪Ensure that an emergency plan is carried on-board and all divers are familiar with its contents and location on board. Ensure that a copy of the emergency plan is also kept ashore with a designated person or shore marshal. Before every dive, the completion of a buddy check will help to ensure that you have the dive equipment you need and everything is working properly. For diving activities, follow the standards of your diving organisation. ▪Firmly secure all diving bottles ### 2.8.4 Traffic Report Message for Divers – Let the Coast Guard know *Pages 86–87* 2.8.4 Traffic Report Message for Divers – Let the Coast Guard know Divers should carefully plan their dive, considering sea conditions, forecasted weather conditions, tidal streams, and state of the tide at the start of each dive. It is recommended that every diver carries a Surface Marker Buoy to identify their location. Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation Before starting a dive, recreational Scuba and Technical Divers are encouraged to log a Dive Traffic Report message (TR) with a Coast Guard Radio Station on VHF Channel 16 or by calling direct on a working channel. Marine Notice No. 61 of 2020 provides information regarding Irish Coast Guard VHF working channels. There is no charge for this service. A Dive TR should be closed out via VHF radio or phone when all divers are returned to the surface and the dive operation is completed. The Irish Coast Guard will not initiate overdue procedures based on Dive TRs which are not closed out at the end of a dive. It is still the responsibility of the Dive Boat Cox or your designated contact person ashore to report any concerns if divers or the dive boat are overdue in returning from a voyage. The Dive TR provides the Coast Guard with an awareness of the diving activities and location information in the event of an emergency. The Dive TR will also help rescue authorities know where to start looking and how many people are aboard the vessel or in the water during the planned dive. It is recommended that every dive vessel is fitted with a VHF radio and carries a secondary means of communication such as a mobile phone in a waterproof case. A TR can be created by VHF radio (Channel 16 or IRCG VHF working channels) or by phoning the relevant Coast Guard Rescue Co-ordination Centre on: +353 (0)1 662 0922 for MRCC Dublin, Vessels engaged in recreational diving operations should ensure a designated person ashore is aware of the dive plans and intended return times of the dive group and knows what to do to raise the alarm if the need arises. See section 2.2.2 of this Code for a Shore-based Contact Person Template setting out the information to be provided. +353 (0)74 937 0103 for MRSC Malin Head, or +353 (0)66 947 6109 for MRSC Valentia. Information to create a Dive TR should include the following: Traffic Report Message for Divers (Dive TR) Date: Vessel Name (and Call Sign): Dive Club/Organisation: Dive Location (Latitude and Longitude): Dive Location (Geographic Area): How many Divers: Maximum Depth of Dive: Dive Duration: Air or Mixed Gas: ### 2.10 Pot Fishing *Pages 88–89* 2.8.5 Operation of RIBs as Dive Boats requirements and recommendations relating to safety on board small fishing vessels and is available to view or download on www.gov.ie. Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation ▪When underway in a RIB, occupants should wear a PFD/ lifejacket in addition to a wet suit. Attention is also drawn to Marine Notice No. 17 of 2019 regarding the safety of small vessels engaged in potting operations. ▪Ensure the boat is suitable for the number of persons and equipment carried – do not overload. ▪Ensure all buoyancy tubes are at Recreational boaters may also engage in non-commercial potting for lobster or crabs. Such activities are limited to a small number of pots and the catch is intended for the owner’s table and not for commercial resale. the correct pressure. ▪Ensure bottles and ALL equipment are secured correctly and are checked regularly to prevent damage, loss or injuries. ▪Coxswain to wear engine kill cord The Non-Commercial Pot Fishing (Lobster and Crab) Regulations 2016 (S.I. No. 31 of 2016), provide a range of management measures for noncommercial pot fishing for crab and lobster. The measures apply since 1 February 2016 to non-licenced recreational boats fishing within the internal waters or territorial seas of the State. The measures include: when underway. 2.9 National Association Diving Ireland is the National Governing Body for diving and recreational underwater sports in Ireland (see Appendix 10 for contact details). 2.10 Pot Fishing Commercial potting for lobster or crab requires a licence issued by the Licensing Authority for Sea Fishing Boats, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, National Seafood Centre, Clonakilty, Co. Cork. Commercial potting vessels may typically shoot up to 80 pots in a single string. Those engaged in commercial potting should comply with the Code of Practice for the Design, Constuction, Equipment and Operation of Small Fishing Vessels of less than 15 metres length overall in its updated version, which sets out ▪a closed season during the months of October, November, December, January, February, March and April; ▪limiting the catch to no more than one lobster and five crab per boat in a 24-hour period; ▪requiring all lobsters containing a V notch and all mutilated lobsters taken by a boat to be returned alive to the sea without delay; ▪a limit of no more than six pots per boat in the sea at any one time, and Boats engaged in non-commercial potting should have a suitable means of re-boarding in the event of a crew member falling overboard. ▪a prohibition on storing in the sea a crab or lobster that has a nicked or banded claw. Operators of boats engaged in noncommercial potting should be aware of a number of associated dangers including: Attention is also drawn to Marine Notice No. 31 of 2023, Advice re. Use of appropriate Marker Buoys/ Ropes when engaged in Pot Fishing for lobster, crab or other fish or shellfish, and the annexed Good Practice Guide to Pot Marker Buoys. Persons who carry out pot fishing (whether commercially or noncommercially) are reminded of their obligations to other users of the sea. The use of too long a line of rope can result in a situation where even vessels that have taken a wide berth around marker buoys could have their propellers fouled by the rope. Do not use unsuitable ‘floats’ such as empty drink cans, plastic bottles and dark-coloured floats, which offer poor visibility and can be mistaken for floating debris. ▪adverse effects on a vessel’s handling or stability characteristics due to incorrect stowage of potting equipment or retro-fitting or poor installation of non-design items such as hydraulic pot haulers; ▪risk of becoming trapped in potting lines when shooting; ▪snagging of propellers due to potting lines; ▪increased risk of falling overboard when hauling/shooting pots; ▪dangers of capsizing a boat when attempting to recover a pot snagged on the ocean floor. Non-commercial potting activities should never be undertaken by a single boatman. Always wear a suitable Personal Flotation Device and Personal Locator Beacon. Somebody ashore should be aware of where the boat is intending to operate and when it is expected to return. Owners/Skippers should carry out a risk assessment of the intended operations and take appropriate actions to reduce/ mitigate the inherent risks that arise when nobody else in on board to help or raise the alarm. 2.11 Sea Angling Boats Coastal sea angling varies from an individual fishing close inshore for mackerel to major international fishing competitions involving larger boats fishing up to 20 miles offshore for species such as blue shark, in often difficult or uncomfortable conditions. While commercial angling boats are required to hold a passenger boat licence issued by the Department of Transport and as such are regulated, there are a number of items that any ### 2.11 Sea Angling Boats *Pages 90–90* angler going to sea or fishing from a boat should consider: ▪Dress appropriately for the day. Make sure warm clothes and oilskins are available; ▪Check the boat is fit for purpose. ▪Be aware of the dangers of Ensure pre-departure checks are undertaken and a pre-departure safety briefing is given by the Master; sunburn and use suitable sunscreen on exposed skin (SPF factor 30 or higher and UVA protection); ▪Always wear a PFD when moving ▪Be aware of the risks of sea around the open deck; sickness. Take precautions if prone; ▪Recognise the dangers of moving about on the deck of a moving boat and always use suitable hand holds and the rails provided; ▪Avoid alcohol. ▪Be aware of the dangers associated with fishing, particularly handling hooks, traces, gaffs and gutting operations; ▪Be aware of the appropriate medical action to take in the event of an incident with the above. A suitable medical kit should always be carried on board; ▪Carry appropriate spare parts for your engine and know what to do if it breaks down; ## Sail and Motor Boats – Inland Waterways ### Sail and Motor Boats – Inland Waterways *Pages 91–95* ## 3 Sail and Motor Boats – Inland Waterways Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice It is recommended that all owners and users of sail and motor boats should follow this Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice both before going on the water and while on the water: Get training from an approved training provider in the correct use of the type of craft you wish to use; Wear a Personal Flotation Device/Lifejacket: Know about the legal requirements in relation to the wearing and carrying of Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets and the need for the proper care and maintenance of such devices. These requirements are dealt with in Part A of the Code of Practice. Select the proper type based on activity or boating conditions. See Marine Notice No. 32 of 2019; Check current weather forecasts and sea conditions prior to departure and plan your voyage accordingly. If bad weather is forecast, consider postponing your trip. Strong tides and currents can carry you away very quickly, so watch what is happening around you to avoid getting caught out. If in doubt, don’t go out! (see Appendix 6, Weather, Sea States and Tides); Check for any Hazards and Risks and Prepare a Passage Plan - See Appendix 8 of the Code of Practice for an example of a passage planning template and note the information on hazards and risk assessment on pages 10 – 16. Assess the hazards and risks before leaving shore but continue to be aware during your trip as the conditions can change; Avoid operating alone: Be aware of the additional risks involved with single person operation when there is nobody else on board or nearby to help you or to raise the alarm. Make sure you have an effective means of quickly re-boarding your craft in the event that you fall overboard; Carry out Pre-Departure Safety Checks and Briefing – Check the condition of your craft and safety equipment. All persons on board should know what to do in the event of an emergency, where the safety/emergency equipment is on board, e.g. flares, radio equipment, lifejackets, etc., and how to use the equipment; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Tell someone about the plans for your trip - a designated person ashore should know your departure and return times, where you are going, and what to do to raise the alarm if necessary. See page 20 for a suggested information template; Let the Coast Guard know: Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station – see page 18 for further information; Bring a dependable means of communication. VHF radio equipment is the recommended method of communication and craft users should be familiar with its use. Mobile phones should not be relied on and should only be considered as a back up means of communication. Where mobile phone use is proposed, the phone should be in a waterproof pouch with a lanyard, be fully charged at all times and the signal strength and charge indicator should be regularly checked while the vessel is underway; Consider bringing an appropriate Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) or Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) as these provide an effective means to send a distress alert. See Marine Notice No. 25 of 2010 as amended, Marine Notice No. 38 of 2013, Marine Notice No. 70 of 2022 and sections 1.2.12.1, 11.3 and Appendix 2 of the Code for further information, including in relation to the registration of such devices; Be responsible – do not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs during a trip: when operating a recreational craft, a person must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or of drugs and alcohol to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the craft; Be aware of and recognise the symptoms of fatigue – get proper sleep and rest before your journey; Wear suitable clothing and footwear; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Float to live: If you unexpectedly fall into the water, the initial cold shock can cause you to gasp, breathe uncontrollably, breathe in water and panic. If you are not wearing a Personal Flotation Device or lifejacket, lay your head back with ears submerged. Stay calm, try to relax and breath normally. Try to float or tread water while you catch your breath. A properly fitted lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you gasp air. Once the cold shock has passed, try to get hold of something that will help you float and get as much of your body out of the water as possible. To lessen heat escape, keep your legs together with arms and elbows by your side. Once you are calm, call for help; In a marine emergency, raise the alarm on VHF Channel 16 or call999 or 112 and ask for the Coast Guard. Waterways Ireland has responsibility for the following: Inland waterways comprise the navigable sections of the larger rivers, canal network and lakes. Conditions on inland waterways are generally not as severe as those experienced in coastal regions. However, they present their own unique set of hazards. Difficulties such as locks, open weirs, strong flows in confined spaces, narrow bridges, relatively shallow water and, in the case of the larger lakes, significant wave and wind forces, may present a danger to small craft. For the purposes of this Code, inland waterways refer to non-tidal and/or fresh water. ▪Barrow Navigation ▪the Grand Canal ▪the Royal Canal ▪the Shannon-Erne Waterway ▪the Shannon Navigation. The Lough Corrib Navigation Trustees have responsibility for the following inland waterways: ▪Corrib system ▪Eglinton Canal system An Taisce is responsible for the Boyne Navigation. There are a number of different authorities with a role in managing navigable inland waterways in the State. Some of them are listed below: Kerry County Council is responsible for the Tralee Ship Canal. Other waterways may be under the administration of the relevant local authority/county council. Please check directly with them for further details. Waterways Ireland is a North/ South body with responsibility for the management, maintenance, development and restoration of over 1,000km of inland navigable waterways, principally for recreational purposes. Special Marine Notice No. 1 of each year issued by Waterways Ireland gives an overview of general guidelines to the inland waterways under their remit. A Navigational Guide to the Shannon, Shannon-Erne and Erne Waterways is also available to purchase from a number of outlets. ### 3.2.2 Category F *Pages 96–99* 3.1 Training 3.2.1 Category E It is recommended that persons participating in sail and motorboat craft activities undertake appropriate training. A number of training schemes and approved courses are available and information can be obtained directly from course providers. Craft that: Sail and Motor Boats – Inland Waterways ▪Are capable of operating on the larger exposed lakes in extreme weather conditions; ▪Have accommodation and can be used for overnight habitation; ▪Are capable of extended voyages. For the purpose of this Code, sailboats and motor boats are classed in six categories, four of which refer to coastal water and are covered in Chapter 2. The remaining two categories are dealt with in this Chapter. 3.2.2 Category F Craft that: ▪Are open boats without shelter for occupants and generally less than 7 metres in length; ▪Operate locally on rivers and 3.2 Recommended minimum safety equipment – Inland Waters sheltered sections of lakes. 3.3 Safety Equipment Checklist Boat owners should be aware of the category that applies to their vessel, based on its intended usage and area of operation, and ensure it is equipped with the required safety equipment. The following paragraphs provide a description of two vessel categories. Table F recommends the type and quantity of equipment that each category of craft should carry in the respective operating areas. Table F sets out the recommended type and quantity of equipment that craft should carry for their category of craft. The levels of recommended equipment should be regarded as a minimum. Owners are encouraged to equip boats to a higher standard. Mariners should stow fire extinguishers and a hand-held VHF in the cockpit in order that they are readily accessible in the event of an emergency, and in order to avoid having to go below to retrieve them. It is recommended that auxillary motors for sailing boats should be suitably sized for the intended area of operation and the vessel in question. Table F: Sail and Motor Boat – Inland | Type of Equipment | Vessel Category and Quantity of Equipment | | | --- | --- | --- | | 1. Lifesaving and personal safety equipment | E | F | | 1.1 An approved PFD/Lifejacket for each person on board of at least 100 Newtons (see Appendix 5). | ✓ | ✓ | | 1.2 Appropriate clothing. Sunscreen (SPF factor 30 or higher and UVA protection). | ✓ | ✓ | | 1.3 A Throw Bag/buoyant heaving line. | ✓ | ✓ | | 1.4 Horseshoe type lifebelt with light. | ✓ | | | 1.5 Boathook (telescopic/fixed long shaft). | ✓ | ✓ | | 1.6 Boarding Ladder/means to board the vessel. | ✓ | ✓ | | 2. Flares (all to be within expiry date and manufacturer’s instructions to be followed) (see Chapter 11) | E | F | | --- | --- | --- | | 2.1 Orange smoke signal canisters. | (3) | (3) | | 2.2 Hand held Distress Flares | (3) | (3) | | 2.3 Red Distress rocket flares. | (3) | (3) | | 3. Fire Protection, Detection and Extinction | E | F | | --- | --- | --- | | 3.1 Fire blanket – CE marked. | ✓ | | | 3.2 Fire extinguishers, one of which is suitable to fight oil fires in engine spaces or fire bucket*. | (2) | | | 3.3 All cookers/heaters using LPG should be installed as outlined in Marine Notice No. 37 of 2017. | ✓ | | | 3.4 Gas detection and alarm system** | ✓ | | | 3.5 Smoke Alarm. | ✓ | | | 3.6 Carbon Monoxide Alarm. | ✓* | | * Do not deploy the bucket overboard while the boat is moving. ** Where gas is installed. ✓* In craft with enclosed accommodation. | 4. Navigation Equipment | E | F | | --- | --- | --- | | 4.1 Steering Compass. | ✓ | | | 4.2 Foghorn, powered or aerosol type. | ✓ | ✓ | | 4.3 Binoculars. | ✓ | | | 4.4 Navigation drawing instruments, parallel ruler, dividers or plotting instrument. | ✓ | | | 4.5 Navigation lights as required by boat length. | ✓ | ✓ | | 4.6 Suitable up to date charts and/or navigation guides for cruising. | ✓ | | Sail and Motor Boats – Inland Waterways | 5. Bilge Pumping | E | F | | --- | --- | --- | | 5.1 Manual/Electric Bilge pump capable of pumping from any hull watertight compartment and with all hatches closed. | ✓ | ✓ | | 5.2 At least one complete repair kit including spares should be carried. | ✓ | | | 5.3 2 buckets fitet d with a rope lanyard (Do not use bucket overboard while the boat is moving). In the case of Category F, one bucket or a smaller bailer. | ✓ | ✓(1) | | 5.4 All through hull fittings to be fitet d with isolation valves. | ✓ | | | 5.5 Softwood tapered plugs located adjacent to each through hull underwater fitting. | ✓ | | | 6. Anchors and Warps | E | F | | --- | --- | --- | | 6.1 Anchor with chain/warp, as appropriate for a vessels size and operating area ground holding conditions. | ✓ | (folding anchor) | | 6.2 Boats should have a suitably reinforced deck cleat/ Samson post on the foredeck, and a suitable bow roller or fairlead used when anchoring. | ✓ | ✓ | | 6.3 An adequate supply of warps and fenders. These should include suitable warps to allow the craft to be towed if necessary. | ✓ | ✓ | | 7. General Equipment | E | F | | --- | --- | --- | | 7.1 Emergency steering means, i.e. tiller for vessels fitet d with wheel steering as their primary means of steering. | ✓ | | | 7.2 Waterproof torch. | ✓ | ✓ | | 7.3 An appropriate tool kit, and spare parts for the type of craft being used. | ✓ | ✓ | | 7.4 Suitable secondary means of engine starting including batet ry or hand start. | ✓ | | | 7.5 Appropriate First Aid Kit. | ✓ | ✓ | | 7.6 Storm Sail which can be quickly rigged, or the facility to deep reef existing sails (Yachts). | ✓ | | | 7.7 Set of Oars / Oarlocks / Paddles. | ✓ | ✓ | | 7.8 Suitable Knife. | ✓ | ✓ | | 7.9 Instruction manuals for vessel’s essential equipment. | ✓ | | | 7.10 Rigid or inflatable tender. | ✓ | | | 7.11 Laminated cards for life-saving and distress signals. | ✓ | | | 7.12 International Code of Signal Flags V I Require Assistance. | ✓ | | | 8. Communications Equipment | E | F | | --- | --- | --- | | 8.1 VHF Radio (fixed unit or handheld). | ✓ | ✓ | | 8.2 AM/FM Radio. | ✓ | | ### 3.4 Boat Angling – Inland Waters *Pages 100–100* 3.4 Boat Angling – Inland Waters ▪Using an outboard engine of a power rating in excess of the boat’s design rating. Maximum power ratings will be displayed on the boat’s CE/RCD plate; Sail and Motor Boats – Inland Waterways While inland water conditions are different to those of coastal or sea areas, they can be equally as dangerous to small craft due to rapid local deterioration of weather and surface conditions that can occur. There have been many fatalities among users of small boats on our inland waters over the years. ▪Allowing repairs or alterations to be undertaken by unqualified persons using unsuitable or inappropriate materials. Anglers and operators of boats should always be aware of their stability limitations. Never overload or overpower such boats and always exercise the following best practice in their use: Fishing from small boats on larger rivers and inland lakes is a popular past time. Craft used are predominantly of a small, narrow beamed, low freeboard design, propelled by either oars or outboard engines. Historically these boats were wooden boats of clinker type construction. In latter years they have been replaced by fiberglass replicas. ▪Be aware of the area weather forecast in advance and check on it regularly throughout the day while on the water; ▪Be aware of local conditions and dangers on the lake. If new to the area, always seek local advice before launching; ▪Always wear a suitable PFD of Fibreglass boats constructed after 1998 must comply with the Recreational Craft Directive (RCD) and each hull must have a CE marking and plate fitted. a type that can be worn when fishing but which offers sufficient buoyancy to an individual in the water. Take into consideration clothing such as waders, boots, etc., that may be worn when fishing; ▪Be aware of the contact details for It is essential that owners do not modify or alter boats from their original design. Doing so may compromise the stability, handling characteristics or sea keeping qualities of a boat. Examples of such modifications are: local rescue services; ▪Always inform a person ashore of details of the persons on board, the areas of intended operation, and launching and return times; ▪Do not overload the boat beyond ▪Modification of seating arrangements by fitting of swivel seating for anglers on thwarts or directly to gunwales; its design rating; ▪Never overpower the boat with ▪Fitting of permanent launching wheels to the transom; ### 3.5 Communications *Pages 101–101* owners should also consider carrying an EPIRB or PLB on-board. (See Radiocommunications section 1.2.12 for more information on EPIRBs and PLBs). an outboard engine in excess of the boat’s maximum power design rating; ▪Carry sufficient anchoring equipment and have it readily available to anchor the boat quickly in an emergency. Practice regularly! ▪If operating single handed, make Vessel operators are reminded that a ship radio licence issued by the Department of Transport and a suitably qualified operator are required for vessels carrying marine radio equipment. sure a means of quickly reboarding the boat is available in the event of a person overboard situation occurring; ▪Pre-plan prior to departure, As a second means of communication, it is recommended that all vessels operating on inland lakes and waterways carry a mobile phone, ideally stored in a waterproof pouch or container. The mobile phone should be fully charged prior to departure. to deal with possible rapid deterioration of conditions on the water, for example: ▫Identify alternative safe landing points; ▫Check radio/phone coverage in Vessels on inland lakes and waterways are recommended to carry a Global Positioning System (GPS) to allow the vessel to indicate its position accurately to the search and rescue services in the event of an emergency. the area of operation; ▫Be aware of other boats operating the area; ▫Check that all boat safety equipment is present and operating; ▫Carry sufficient fuel/spares to Users of inland lakes and waterways are reminded that Coast Guard VHF and mobile phone network coverage is not guaranteed on inland lakes and waterways, particularly in remote locations. deal with emergencies; ▫Brief crew on the actions to take in emergency situations. Appendix 4 provides information in relation to anchoring, stability and boat handling. Regular testing of communications equipment should be carried out to confirm correct operation. 3.5 Communications It is recommended that all vessels operating on inland lakes and waterways carry a VHF radio. Handheld VHF batteries should be fully charged prior to departure. Vessel 3.6 Spread of invasive species by boats on inland waters In recent years a number of new invasive species of flora and fauna, ### 3.6 Spread of invasive species by boats on inland waters *Pages 102–102* such as the Zebra Mussel, Asian Clam, Lagarosiphon and knotweeds have been introduced into Irish lakes, rivers and riparian zones (lands along the edges of rivers, streams, lakes). These species impact in a negative manner on existing natural species, in many cases leading to their extinction. ▪Angling equipment, including nets and waders, should be thoroughly washed, disinfected and dried out before being used on a fishing trip; ▪Anglers should use artificial lure in place of live bait – check prohibitions on the use of live bait with Inland Fisheries Ireland; ▪Avoid launching boats/engines on multiple waterways. Use locally hired boats if possible and always ask what biosecurity measures have been put in place by boat hire operators. Many lakes and waterways now require boats to be registered to operate and visitor boats are controlled. Measures have been put in place, which boat owners should follow, to limit the propagation of new species into our inland waters. These measures include: Further information is available from the National Parks and Wildlife Service: ▪If travelling to a new area, make National Parks & Wildlife Service 90 King Street North Dublin 7 D07 N7CV Tel: +353 (0)1 888 2000 E-mail: natureconservation@npws.gov.ie Web: www.npws.ie prior enquiries regarding any control measures that may be applied by the relevant authorities. For example the National Parks and Wildlife Service should be contacted where boats/water craft are being introduced into a National Park or Nature Reserve, as a licence or permission may be required. In addition, anglers should contact Inland Fisheries Ireland, which has a network of local offices (contact details available at www.fisheriesireland. ie and Appendix 10.3) to seek advice on disinfection facilities for boats, equipment, etc.; Information regarding the spread of invasive species is also available at www.invasivespeciesireland.com. Anglers should contact Inland Fisheries Ireland for further angling specific information: Inland Fisheries Ireland 3044 Lake Drive Citywest Business Campus Dublin 24 D24 CK66 ▪Always thoroughly clean/wash and disinfect your boat, engine and trailer prior to launching, particularly if you are moving between rivers and lakes; Tel: +353 (0) 1 884 2600 Email: info@fisheriesireland.ie Web: www.fisheriesireland.ie ## Sailing Dinghies ### Sailing Dinghies *Pages 103–106* ## 4 Sailing Dinghies Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice It is recommended that all owners and users of sailing dinghies should follow this Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice both before going on the water and while on the water: Get training from an approved training provider in the correct use of the craft you wish to use; Wear a Personal Flotation Device/Lifejacket: Know about the legal requirements in relation to the wearing of Personal Flotation Devices/ Lifejackets and the need for the proper care and maintenance of such devices. These requirements are dealt with in Part A of the Code of Practice. Select the proper type based on activity or boating conditions. See Marine Notice No. 32 of 2019; Check current weather forecasts and water conditions prior to departure and plan your voyage accordingly. If bad weather is forecast, consider postponing your trip. Strong tides and currents can carry you away very quickly, so watch what is happening around you to avoid getting caught out. If in doubt, don’t go out! (see Appendix 6, Weather, Sea States and Tides); Check for any Hazards and Risks and Prepare a Passage Plan - See Appendix 8 of the Code of Practice for an example of a passage planning template and note the information on hazards and risk assessment on pages 10 – 16. Assess the hazards and risks before leaving shore but continue to be aware during your trip as the conditions can change; Avoid operating alone: Be aware of the additional risks involved with single person operation when there is nobody else on board or nearby to help you or to raise the alarm. Make sure you are able to re-board your craft in the event that you fall overboard; Carry out Pre-Departure Safety Checks and Briefing – Check the condition of your craft and safety equipment. All persons on board should know what to do in the event of an emergency, where the safety/emergency equipment is on board, e.g. flares, radio equipment, etc., and how to use the equipment; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Tell someone about the plans for your trip - a designated person ashore should know your departure and return times, where you are going, and what to do to raise the alarm if necessary. See page 20 for a suggested information template; Let the Coast Guard know: Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station – see page 18 for further information; Bring a dependable means of communication. VHF radio equipment is the recommended method of communication and craft users should be familiar with its use. Mobile phones should not be relied on and should only be considered as a back up means of communication. Where mobile phone use is proposed, the phone should be in a waterproof pouch with a lanyard, be fully charged at all times and the signal strength and charge indicator should be regularly checked while the vessel is underway; Consider bringing an appropriate Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) or Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) as these provide an effective means to send a distress alert. See Marine Notice No. 25 of 2010 as amended, Marine Notice No. 38 of 2013, Marine Notice No. 70 of 2022 and sections 1.2.12.1, 11.3 and Appendix 2 of the Code for further information, including in relation to the registration of such devices; Be responsible – do not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs during a trip: when operating a recreational craft, a person must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or of drugs and alcohol to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the craft; Be aware of and recognise the symptoms of fatigue – get proper sleep and rest before your journey; Wear suitable clothing and footwear; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Float to live: If you unexpectedly fall into the water, the initial cold shock can cause you to gasp, breathe uncontrollably, breathe in water and panic. If you are not wearing a Personal Flotation Device or lifejacket, lay your head back with ears submerged. Stay calm, try to relax and breath normally. Try to float or tread water while you catch your breath. A properly fitted lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you gasp air. Once the cold shock has passed, try to get hold of something that will help you float and get as much of your body out of the water as possible. To lessen heat escape, keep your legs together with arms and elbows by your side. Once you are calm, call for help; In a marine emergency, raise the alarm on VHF Channel 16 or call999 or 112 and ask for the Coast Guard. ### 4.3 Pre-Launch Checks prior to entering the water *Pages 107–107* 4.1 Training 10. Always ensure that a designated person ashore is aware of departure and return times and have a procedure in place to raise the alarm if necessary. Membership of a club will generally offer this facility in addition to providing safety boats for members engaged in club activities. It is recommended that dinghy sailors undertake appropriate training, including in capsize and recovery techniques. A number of training schemes and approved courses are available and information may be obtained directly from course providers (see Appendix 9 for details of course providers). 11. Check weather and sea conditions prior to departure. 4.2 Safety Recommendations If you are dinghy sailing, you should adhere to the following practices. 12. Avoid main shipping lanes (see Appendix 3). 1. Always wear a suitable PFD/ lifejacket when sailing. Buoyancy provided by a wet suit or dry suit is not sufficient (see Part A of this Code for statutory requirements). 13. Sail in company for safety. 14. Be aware of your own personal capabilities in handling a boat under various weather conditions. 2. Wear suitable clothes, wetsuits or drysuits, particularly if there is potential to capsize. 15. If your dinghy is operating in a remote area, carry additional safety equipment, i.e. a handheld VHF radio and additional pyrotechnics (parachute rocket red flares and hand-held flares). 3. Your dinghy should have an effective means of bailing water. 4. Carry a paddle on board. 5. Carry a towing painter on board. 4.3 Pre-Launch Checks prior to entering the water 6. The crew in the dinghy should be familiar with capsize recovery techniques and towing techniques. To protect dinghy operators, shipping and other water users, dinghies may be subject to specific local Bye-Laws issued by harbour or local authorities to control or restrict areas of operation. It is the responsibility of dinghy operators to be familiar with the relevant Rules of Navigation, local Notices to Mariners and Bye- Laws in force in the waters in which they are sailing. 7. Ensure that the dinghy has sufficient buoyancy. Check all buoyancy tanks and plugs prior to departure. 8. Check the hull, fittings, rigging and sails before going afloat. 9. Always be aware of overhead wires when rigging or manoeuvring a dinghy ashore or afloat. ### 4.4 National Association *Pages 108–108* 4.4 National Association Irish Sailing is the national governing body for sailing in Ireland and can be contacted at: Sailing Dinghies Irish Sailing 3 Park Road Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin A96 K3C3 Telephone: +353 (0)1 280 0239 Email: info@sailing.ie Website: www.sailing.ie ## Personal Watercraft – Jet Skis and High Speed Power Boats ### Personal Watercraft – Jet Skis and High Speed Power Boats *Pages 109–112* ## 5 Personal Watercraft – Jet Skis and High Speed Power Boats Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice It is recommended that all owners and users of personal watercraft and high speed power boats should follow this Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice both before going on the water and while on the water: Get training from an approved training provider in the correct use of the type of craft you wish to use; Wear a Personal Flotation Device/Lifejacket: Know about the legal requirements in relation to the wearing and carrying of Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets and the need for the proper care and maintenance of such devices. These requirements are dealt with in Part A of the Code of Practice. Select the proper type based on activity or boating conditions. See Marine Notice No. 32 of 2019; Engine kill cord: Always wear one when using a personal watercraft and test it prior to departing the berth; Check current weather forecasts and water conditions prior to departure and plan your voyage accordingly (see Appendix 6, Weather, Sea States and Tides); Check for any Hazards and Risks and Prepare a Passage Plan - See Appendix 8 of the Code of Practice for an example of a passage planning template and note the information on hazards and risk assessment on pages 10 – 16. Assess the hazards and risks before leaving shore but continue to be aware during your trip as the conditions can change; Avoid operating alone: Be aware of the additional risks involved with single person operation when there is nobody else nearby to help you or to raise the alarm; Be aware of local bye-laws: Avoid restricted areas and busy swimming areas; Carry out Pre-Departure Safety Checks and Briefing – Check the condition of your craft and safety equipment. All persons on board should know what to do in the event of an emergency, where the safety/emergency equipment is on board, e.g. flares, radio equipment, etc., and how to use the equipment; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Tell someone about the plans for your trip - a designated person ashore should know your departure and return times, where you are going, and what to do to raise the alarm if necessary. See page 20 for a suggested information template; Let the Coast Guard know: Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station – see page 18 for further information; Bring a dependable means of communication. VHF radio equipment is the recommended method of communication and craft users should be familiar with its use. Mobile phones should not be relied on and should only be considered as a back up means of communication. Where mobile phone use is proposed, the phone should be in a waterproof pouch with a lanyard, be fully charged at all times and the signal strength and charge indicator should be regularly checked while the vessel is underway; Consider bringing an appropriate Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) or Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) as these provide an effective means to send a distress alert. See Marine Notice No. 25 of 2010 as amended, sections 1.2.12.1, 11.3 and Appendix 2 of the Code for further information, including in relation to the registration of such devices; Be responsible – do not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs during a trip: when operating a recreational craft, a person must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or of drugs and alcohol to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the craft; Be aware of and recognise the symptoms of fatigue – get proper sleep and rest before your journey; Wear suitable clothing and footwear; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Float to live: If you unexpectedly fall into the water, the initial cold shock can cause you to gasp, breathe uncontrollably, breathe in water and panic. If you are not wearing a Personal Flotation Device or lifejacket, lay your head back with ears submerged. Stay calm, try to relax and breath normally. Try to float or tread water while you catch your breath. A properly fitted lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you gasp air. Once the cold shock has passed, try to get hold of something that will help you float and get as much of your body out of the water as possible. To lessen heat escape, keep your legs together with arms and elbows by your side. Once you are calm, call for help; In a marine emergency, raise the alarm on VHF Channel 16 or call999 or 112 and ask for the Coast Guard. ### 5.2 Recommended equipment for personal watercraft *Pages 113–113* Personal Watercraft (PWC) such as jet skis or water/wet bikes are a rapidly growing segment of the recreational craft market. ▪A flare pack should be carried containing a minimum of 1 x pinpoint red, 2 x orange smoke in a watertight container. ▪Carry a suitable folding anchor. A PWC is a watercraft that is less than 4.88 metres (16 feet) long, propelled by a two stroke petrol engine directly powering a water jet pump and designed to be operated by a person who sits, stands or kneels on it. They are capable of speeds exceeding 100km/hr and are highly manoeuvrable in competent hands. ▪A collapsible paddle, which can be stowed on board for use in the event of engine failure. 5.1 Training It is recommended that persons operating a PWC undertake appropriate training. There are a number of training schemes and approved courses available and information can be obtained directly from course providers (see Appendix 9 for details of course providers). ▪Basic first aid kit. ▪PWC should be equipped with a lanyard/kill cord to cut out the engine; the lanyard/kill cord must be attached to the operator's body, clothing, or PFD/lifejacket. A spare lanyard/kill cord should always be carried on board. 5.2 Recommended equipment for personal watercraft ▪Rope (5m x 8mm Nylon) for use in towing and mooring. ![Figure from page 113](assets/p113-f01.webp) *Figure from page 113* ▪Knife. ▪Torch. ▪Basic Tool Kit. ▪Fire Extinguisher. ### 5.4.2 Emergency Procedures *Pages 114–114* 5.3 Personal equipment to be worn/carried by operator of the personal watercraft copy of the checklist should be permanently attached to the PWC and located inside the door of the storage compartment. ▪Suitable PFD/lifejacket (see ▪Ensure all engine access and Appendix 5). storage doors are correctly secured and sealed. ▪A whistle, fitted to each PFD/ lifejacket to attract attention in the event of an emergency or entering the water. ▪Be aware of correct procedures for launching and recovery of a PWC using a trailer. ▪Suitable clothing, including a ▪Operators should be familiar with wetsuit and hand/foot protection. and have practiced the procedure for righting a capsized boat. Rolling a craft over the wrong way may result in water entering into the engine, causing serious damage to it and rendering the PWC inoperative. ▪A suitable helmet, preferably fitted with facial protection, if operating offshore or involved in wave jumping. ▪Goggles are recommended, especially for salt water riding. All persons on board a jet ski must wear a personal flotation device (PFD) or a lifejacket. 5.4.2 Emergency Procedures ▪In the event of falling off the craft into cold water, re-board immediately. Immersion in cold water can result in a life-threatening drop in body temperature (hypothermia). Hypothermia can also be caused by wind chill, rain and perspiration. To avoid this danger, prepare by dressing correctly including wetsuit/drysuit, hand/ foot protection. Wearing your PFD/lifejacket affords additional protection against the cold. 5.4 Personal watercraft operations 5.4.1 Prior to entering the water (Pre-Launch Checks) ▪To protect other water users and due to high noise levels generated, PWC may be subject to specific local bye-laws issued by harbour or local authorities to restrict speed or the areas of operation. It is the responsibility of PWC operators to be familiar with the relevant bye-laws in force in the waters they use. ▪If in difficulty, remain with your PWC. Do not try to swim to shore in cold water unless you are very close to safety and you have no expectation of speedy assistance. Swimming and treading water use up valuable energy and produce rapid heat loss. If it is not ▪Check the weather/sea condition forecast before starting out. ▪Always complete a safety checklist (see section 5.7) prior to departure. A waterproof laminated ### 5.4.3 On the water *Pages 115–115* possible to get out of the water, wearing your PFD/lifejacket will help increase your survival time by keeping your head out of the water. towing a float, it is essential to carry an observer. This should only be done on craft with a carrying capacity of 3 or more persons. ▪Always ensure sufficient fuel is on board for any intended trip. Plan to return with the fuel tank one third full thereby allowing for any possible emergencies. 5.4.3 On the water ▪Do not drink alcohol or take drugs when riding a PWC: it is illegal to do so and your ability to make quick decisions is impaired. This is critical when operating a fast and manoeuvrable PWC. ▪Additional petrol should not be carried on board and no fuel transfer should be attempted once the vessel is afloat. ▪Study the manufacturer's manual. 5.5 Offshore Cruising Practice the handling of your PWC under experienced supervision in open water and well away from other boaters. Subject to suitable weather and sea conditions, these craft are capable of undertaking coastal or offshore passages. ▪Be alert for the wave, wind, cloud changes that may signal weather changes. ▪Such passages should be undertaken in company with other PWCs or suitable support boats. ▪Avoid skiing alone, especially at sea. ▪A nominated person ashore should ▪Avoid busy swimming areas. be aware of departure times, destinations and expected arrival/ return times. ▪Avoid designated sea swimming areas that may be defined by a series of marker buoys inside of which all craft are prohibited from entering. It is recommended that the following are carried on board: ▪A high incidence of accidents ▪Compass. with PWCs involve collisions with other craft. Operators should exercise the utmost caution when approaching or overtaking other boats and should never manoeuvre at speed in close proximity to other PWC, boats or swimmers (see Appendix 1). ▪Waterproof VHF Radio. ▪Passage Plan. ▪Chart of sea area. The majority of PWCs are not fitted with navigation lights, which the law requires for operating at night. Therefore the use of such PWCs is restricted to a period between sunrise and sunset. ▪Where applicable, use buoyed channels and designated zones. ▪If engaged in waterskiing or ### 5.7 Personal Watercraft Safety Checklist *Pages 116–116* 5.6 National Association | Pre-Launch Checks | Tickbox | | --- | --- | | Local bye-laws/speed restrictions | | | Weather Forecast | | | Tides | | | Local Chart | | | Fuel and oil tank full | | | Seats/Hatches sealed | | | External hull check | | | Engine test run | | | Engine Stops tested | | | Offshore Cruising | Tickbox | | Cruise in company | | | Passage Plan | | | Nominated Person Ashore | | | VHF Radio | | | Compass | | | Chart of sea area | | Irish Sailing is the national governing body for PWCs in Ireland (see Appendix 10 for contact details). Personal Watercraft – Jet Skis and High Speed Power Boats 5.7 Personal Watercraft Safety Checklist | Personal Gear | Tickbox | | --- | --- | | PFD/Lifejacket | | | Whistle | | | Wetsuit | | | Gloves | | | Helmet | | | Goggles | | | PWC Equipment | Tickbox | | Tow Rope | | | Mooring rope of appropriate size and length | | | Flare pack | | | Anchor | | | Collapsible Paddle | | | First Aid Kit | | | Engine Kill Cord | | | Spare Engine Kill Cord | | | Knife | | | Torch | | | Basic Tool Kit | | | Fire Extinguisher | | 5.8 High Speed Power/Sports Boats – Operation and handling A high-speed power/sports boat is generally regarded as one capable of achieving speeds in excess of 17 knots. There are a variety of craft designed as high speed power/sports boats, including rigid GRP Vee profile hulls, RIBs, Cathedral type dory hulls, etc. The high speeds that can be attained by these craft place specific ### 5.8 High Speed Power/Sports Boats – Operation and handling *Pages 117–117* Competency and Skills - Ensure you have received adequate training in the operation and handling characteristics of the boat type you are using. demands on the skills and capabilities of their operators. These craft allow a much shorter reaction time to an incident than conventional motor craft. It is recommended that persons participating in power/sports boat activities undertake appropriate training. A number of training schemes and approved courses are available and information can be obtained directly from course providers (see Appendix 9). ▪Check engine oil levels, etc; ▪Ensure all on board wear suitable clothing. Be aware of the effects of wind chill at speed; ▪Carry sunscreen protection - SPF 30 or higher and UVA protection; ▪If using an inflatable boat or RIB, ensure all tubes are correctly inflated. Persons under 16 years of age are not allowed to be in command of a fast power/sports craft, i.e. a craft that can attain a speed through or over water of 17 knots or more. 5.8.2 On the water: ▪Maintain a good all round lookout, particularly when in main shipping channels; A person under the age of 12 years should not operate or control a craft with an engine rating of more than 5 hp (3.7 kW). ▪Observe designated speed limits, particularly on passage through anchorages, marina approaches and areas used by swimmers; ▪Be aware of the wash generated Attention is also drawn to the recommended minimum safety equipment to be carried on boats as set out in Table E to Chapter 2 of this Code. Owners are encouraged to equip boats to a higher standard. by your boat, in particular when close to or passing other boats; ▪Know your limits – be aware of your ability and capability; ▪Know the boat’s limits; ▪Check fuel reserves regularly; 5.8.1 Pre-departure Checks: ▪Do not overload the craft – these Wear a PFD – All persons on board any boat under 7 metres in length must wear a PFD/ lifejacket. It’s the law. craft are designed for a maximum number of persons. If the boat is CE marked, this number will be indicated on the CE plate on the transom; Engine kill cord – Always wear one, and test it prior to departing the berth. ▪Secure all boat equipment correctly; ### 5.8.2 On the water: *Pages 118–118* 5.10 Competitive use – Powerboats ▪Ensure all occupants are secure and use the supplied seating and handgrips; Personal Watercraft – Jet Skis and High Speed Power Boats The Powerboat Association of Northern Ireland is the National Authority for powerboat racing in Ireland. All competitive activity is run in accordance with the rules and procedures of the Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM), which is the world governing body for Powerboating. The UIM rules set out requirements for vessel safety, skipper qualification, scrutiny requirements and safety management. ▪If intending to swim from your boat, consider its freeboard. Check beforehand and make sure there is a suitable means to re-board from the water. 5.9 Waterskiing, Wakeboarding and towed rides Persons involved in recreational towed activities such as waterskiing, wakeboarding and the towing of inflatable doughnuts, etc., should be aware of the following: 5.10.1 Powerboat Race Training ▪A suitable PFD/lifejacket must be All participants and officials involved in powerboat racing must complete the relevant UIM Training Programme for their role. UIM Training Programmes are structured into three distinct modules – Basic Powerboat Training for those new to the sport, Advanced Training provides an introduction into powerboat racing and Competition Training to provide the skills necessary to compete in powerboat racing at a national and international level. worn. ▪There should always be an observer in addition to the boat driver aboard the towing craft. ▪Towing rides should only be undertaken in areas either specifically designated or in areas clear of other shipping and water users. ▪Ensure your Insurance Company is aware of these activities. When waterskiing, both observer and skier should be aware of the correct procedures and signals required. It is recommended that individuals undertake suitable training and coaching. There is a range of powerboat racing disciplines including Pleasure Navigation to Circuit Powerboat Racing on sheltered or inland stretches of water to Offshore Racing on open waters over set distances. For further information, visit www.powerboatni.org. The Irish Waterski and Wakeboard Federation is the national body for waterskiing in Ireland (see Appendix 10 for contact details). ## Windsurfing, Foiling and Kitesurfing ### Windsurfing, Foiling and Kitesurfing *Pages 119–122* ## 6 Windsurfing, Foiling and Kitesurfing Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice It is recommended that those taking part in windsurfing and foiling should follow this Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice both before going on the water and while on the water: Get training from an approved training provider in the correct use of the type of craft you wish to use; Wear a Personal Flotation Device/Lifejacket: Know about the legal requirements in relation to the wearing of Personal Flotation Devices/ Lifejackets and the need for the proper care and maintenance of such devices. These requirements are dealt with in Part A of the Code of Practice; Wear a suitable leash: Always stay with your board; Check current weather forecasts and water conditions prior to departure and plan your voyage accordingly (see Appendix 6, Weather, Sea States and Tides); Check for any Hazards and Risks and Prepare a Passage Plan - See Appendix 8 of the Code of Practice for an example of a passage planning template and note the information on hazards and risk assessment on pages 10 – 16. Assess the hazards and risks before leaving shore but continue to be aware during your trip as the conditions can change; Avoid operating alone: Be aware of the additional risks involved with single person operation when there is nobody else nearby to help you or to raise the alarm; Be aware of local bye-laws: Avoid restricted areas and busy swimming areas; Carry out Pre-Departure Safety Checks and Briefing – Check the condition of your craft and safety equipment; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Tell someone about the plans for your trip - a designated person ashore should know your departure and return times, where you are going, and what to do to raise the alarm if necessary. See page 20 for a suggested information template; Let the Coast Guard know: Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station – see page 18 for further information; Bring a dependable means of communication. VHF radio equipment is the recommended method of communication and craft users should be familiar with its use. Mobile phones should not be relied on and should only be considered as a back up means of communication. Where mobile phone use is proposed, the phone should be in a waterproof pouch with a lanyard, be fully charged at all times and the signal strength and charge indicator should be regularly checked while the vessel is underway; Consider bringing an appropriate Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) as these provide an effective means to send a distress alert. See Section 1.2.12.1 and Appendix 2 of the Code for further information, including in relation to the registration of such devices; Be responsible – do not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs during a trip: when operating a recreational craft, a person must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or of drugs and alcohol to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the craft; Be aware of and recognise the symptoms of fatigue – get proper sleep and rest before your journey; Wear suitable clothing and footwear; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Float to live: If you unexpectedly fall into the water, the initial cold shock can cause you to gasp, breathe uncontrollably, breathe in water and panic. If you are not wearing a Personal Flotation Device or lifejacket, lay your head back with ears submerged. Stay calm, try to relax and breath normally. Try to float or tread water while you catch your breath. A properly fitted lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you gasp air. Once the cold shock has passed, try to get hold of something that will help you float and get as much of your body out of the water as possible. To lessen heat escape, keep your legs together with arms and elbows by your side. Once you are calm, call for help; In a marine emergency, raise the alarm on VHF Channel 16 or call 999 or 112 and ask for the Coast Guard. ### 6.2.1 Prior to entering the water *Pages 123–123* 6.1 Training carry you offshore or away from your start point. It is recommended that persons participating in windsurfing and foiling undertake appropriate training. There are a number of training schemes and approved courses available. Information can be obtained directly from course providers (see Appendix 9 for details of course providers). ▪Ensure that your name and contact number are marked on your board. Where possible, apply retro reflective tape to the board hull. ▪Avoid sailing alone - there is safety in numbers. 6.2 Windsurfing Safety 6.2.1 Prior to entering the water ▪Examine your rigging for worn ropes or loose fittings. Ensure all are correctly cleated and tied off. ▪Check the condition of the board. Ensure there is a safety leash (where fitted) between the board and rig. ▪Check all foot straps and fins are suitably attached. Examine the mast foot. Ensure the universal joint and mast track are in good condition. ▪Advise someone ashore where you are going and when you will be back. ▪Carry essential spares, spare rigging lines, a 4 metre towing line, a dayglo flag or miniflare and a whistle to attract attention. These items can be carried in a harness pocket or bum bag. ▪Check the local weather and sea area forecast for the area you propose to sail in. ▪Avoid sailing in offshore winds, and be aware of the influence of tidal streams, both of which may ### 6.2.2 On the water *Pages 124–124* ▪Choose a recognised boardsailing ▪Never sail further from the shore venue where you can learn from other sailors. Beginners should stick to enclosed waters. than is necessary. ▪Avoid collisions. ▪Remain with your board no ▪Be aware of local bye-laws. Never matter what happens, it is your largest buoyancy aid. Use the International hand distress signals if necessary (slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to each side). sail in designated restricted areas or areas crowded by swimmers. ▪Avoid offshore winds until proficient, as sailing back upwind once tired or overpowered becomes much more difficult. ![Figure from page 124](assets/p124-f02.webp) *Figure from page 124* ▪Be sure of your self-rescue capabilities with any rig you may be using. If in doubt, do a practice drill. ▪Dress correctly - a wetsuit is advised (unless the weather is very warm) plus hat, sunscreen (SPF factor 30 or higher and UVA protection) and long sleeves to protect from the sun. ▪It is recommended that persons participating in windsurfing activities should always wear a PFD/lifejacket. ▪Be aware of your limitations. If in doubt, don't go out. ▪Avoid dehydration. Drink plenty of water. ▪Consider carrying a VHF or a phone in a waterproof case or a Personal Locator Beacon, or preferably more than one communication device. 6.2.2 On the water ▪Sail cautiously when leaving and returning to shore to avoid running aground or colliding with others. ### 6.4.1 Safe Surfing Guidelines *Pages 125–125* 6.4.1 Safe Surfing Guidelines ▪Be aware of hypothermia and leave the water if symptoms occur (shivering, numb extremities and poor co-ordination). The following are some Safe Surfing Guidelines from Irish Surfing that apply to various surfing disciplines: ▪Always ensure you are off the Learn to surf at an Irish Surfing registered surf club or surf school. water well before sunset. 6.3 National Association The Irish Windsurfing Association (IWA) is an affiliated club of Irish Sailing and as such is the governing body for competitive windsurfing. Windsurfing events are run in accordance with the safety guidelines of the IWA (see Appendix 10 for contact details). Do not attempt surfing unless you can swim. Do not surf alone or enter the water as dusk is approaching or if you have been drinking alcohol. Always let somebody on land know where you have gone and when you will return. 6.4 Other water based activities While this Code of Practice is focused primarily on the safe operation of navigable recreational craft, there are many other waterbased activities where appropriate training, knowledge and safety awareness are of similar importance. Check the weather and tides before you paddle out. Learn to observe the ocean so you can identify rips, wind changes and other hazards. With the increased popularity of activities such as surfing and kite surfing, attention is drawn to a range of safety information leaflets and guidelines that are available to view or download on the www. safetyonthewater.ie website and from bodies such as Water Safety Ireland at www.watersafety.ie and the Irish Surfing Association at www.irishsurfing.ie. If you are unfamiliar with a break, check with local surfers or other water users before paddling out. Ensure the waves you are surfing are of a size and power suitable to your ability. Do not get too confident. Stick to beaches until you become experienced. Make sure your equipment, especially your leash, is in good order. Remember it is easier to spot a brightly coloured surfboard or wetsuit at sea in the event that you require rescuing. ### 6.4.2 Foiling Safety *Pages 126–126* 6.4.2 Foiling Safety When you “wipeout”, do not come to the surface too soon and when you do come to the surface protect your head with your arms. A wide variety of foiling is becoming increasingly popular. This includes wing foiling and electric foils. Like windsurfing and kitesurfing, there are safety concerns, both for those using the foil and for swimmers in the vicinity. Windsurfing, Foiling and Kitesurfing Always check behind you for other water users before abandoning your surfboard to dive under a wave. As with all water-based activities, it is important to get the right training. It is important to be able to swim well and develop an understanding of the water and its dangers. If you get caught in a rip do not try to paddle against it, paddle across it. If you find yourself in difficulty, stay calm, do not discard your board, wave one arm in the air and shout to attract attention. Do not panic. Before you go on the water: ▪It is recommended to take a training course from a qualified instructor. Always respect the rescue services. Should you see a surfer in difficulty in the water, DON’T DELAY, phone 112 or 999 and ask for the Coast Guard. Even the most experienced surfer may at some time require assistance. ▪Check all foot straps and that the hydrofoil is in good condition. ▪Conduct regular maintenance of the hydrofoil to ensure safe operation over sustained use. ▪Prepare a plan. Go in pairs/groups and make sure someone on shore knows your plans. Be aware of other water users and always show respect to other craft. ▪Factor in water depth and any underwater hazards due to the hydrofoil under the board. ▪Check the weather conditions and be aware of rapidly changing weather conditions. ▪Be especially aware of offshore winds or currents that can carry you towards the open sea. ▪The hydrofoil has sharp edges which can pose a danger to yourself and others. ### 6.4.3 Kitesurfing Safety *Pages 127–128* ▪Be aware of local bye-laws. Do ▪Impact vest: An impact vest is not foil in restricted areas or areas crowded by swimmers. extremely useful to mitigate the impact from “catapulting” off the board. ▪Keep personal safety and that of others in mind. ▪Boots/water shoes: Water boots are recommended to keep your feet safe from the hydrofoil wings or anything sharp on the seafloor. ▪Be aware of your limitations. If in doubt, don’t go out! ▪Dress appropriately, wear a On the water: wetsuit. Immersion in cold water can result in a life-threatening drop in body temperature. Hypothermia can also be caused by wind chill, rain and perspiration. Wearing your PFD/lifejacket affords additional protection against the cold. ▪Stay clear of commercial traffic and shipping channels. ▪Ensure you are off the water well before sunset. ▪Do not foil in crowded areas. Be aware of your surroundings. ▪Watch the wind direction. Avoid being blown out to sea by offshore winds. 6.4.3 Kitesurfing Safety It is recommended that a person should not participate in kitesurfing unless the person has had Training from a recognised Instructor, is a competent swimmer and holds third party insurance. ▪Do not foil any further from the shore than you can comfortably swim to get back if necessary. ▪Wear an appropriate leash. ▪Wear a Personal Flotation Device. ▪Carry a suitable and dependable The following is a summary of some important safety advice: means of communications. ▪Wear a Personal Locator Beacon. ▪Watch out for fatigue. Stay Before you go out on the water – Always hydrated and take breaks. ▪You should always stay with your ▪Wear a helmet, buoyancy aid and board as it will keep you afloat and make you easier to find in an emergency. quick release harness. ▪Check your equipment thoroughly and regularly. Repair any damage. ▪Carry a flare or some other means Other Safety Gear of attracting attention. ▪Helmet: A helmet will protect ▪Carry a knife that can cut your kite your head from any impacts from your board, hydrofoil, or anything that happens to be underwater. flying line. Never ▪Check the local weather conditions before riding and ensure you can handle the conditions. ▪risk the safety of others. ▪kitesurf in or near bathing areas, swimmers, boats, other craft, marked navigation channels, buoys or moorings. ▪Ensure you fully understand the tidal currents and how they might affect the conditions. ▪kitesurf less that 50 metres ▪Use an effective kite leash and upwind of any moored vessel. safety system ▪practice jumping on land or close ▪Act in a responsible manner. to the beach. Further information regarding Kitesurfing, including setting up, launching and landing, is available in the Kitesurfing Safety publication on www.safetyonthewater.ie. Never ▪Tether yourself to a kite in a closed system – only use a quick release harness system. ▪Sail in offshore winds. ▪Ride so far away from shore that you cannot swim back in an emergency. On the water – Always ▪give way to other water users near the seafront ▪retreat to a safe zone outside and any navigation channels when other craft approach ▪maintain a safety zone of at least 50 metres between yourself and any craft or obstacles on the water ▪if you come close to other water users stabilise your kite in the 12 o’clock position ▪when returning to the beach, give way to other riders who are launching. ## Canoeing/Kayaking and Stand-Up Paddle Boarding ### Canoeing/Kayaking and Stand-Up Paddle Boarding *Pages 129–132* ## 7 Canoeing/Kayaking and Stand-Up Paddle Boarding Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice It is recommended that those taking part in canoeing, kayaking or stand-up paddle boarding activities should follow this Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice both before going on the water and while on the water: Get training from an approved training provider in the correct use of the type of craft you wish to use. Practice capsize and recovery drills; Wear a suitable Personal Flotation Device/Lifejacket: Know about the legal requirements in relation to the wearing of Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets and the need for the proper care and maintenance of such devices. These requirements are dealt with in Part A of the Code of Practice. Note that the term Personal Flotation Device includes a buoyancy aid; Use a suitable paddle for your craft. Use a suitable leash when stand- up paddle boarding; Check current weather forecasts and water conditions prior to departure and plan your voyage accordingly (see Appendix 6, Weather, Sea States and Tides); Check for any Hazards and Risks and Prepare a Passage Plan - See Appendix 8 of the Code of Practice for an example of a passage planning template and note the information on hazards and risk assessment on pages 10 – 16. Assess the hazards and risks before leaving shore but continue to be aware during your trip as the conditions can change; Avoid operating alone: Be aware of the additional risks involved with single person operation when there is nobody else nearby to help you or to raise the alarm; Be aware of local bye-laws: Avoid restricted areas and busy swimming areas; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Carry out Pre-Departure Safety Checks and Briefing – Check the condition of your craft and safety equipment; Tell someone about the plans for your trip - a designated person ashore should know your departure and return times, where you are going, and what to do to raise the alarm if necessary. See page 20 for a suggested information template; Let the Coast Guard know: Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station – see page 18 for further information; Bring a dependable means of communication. VHF radio equipment is the recommended method of communication and craft users should be familiar with its use. Mobile phones should not be relied on and should only be considered as a back up means of communication; Consider bringing an appropriate Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) as these provide an effective means to send a distress alert. See section 1.2.12.1 and Appendix 2 of the Code for further information, including in relation to the registration of such devices; Be responsible – do not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs during a trip: when operating a recreational craft, a person must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or of drugs and alcohol to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the craft; Be aware of and recognise the symptoms of fatigue – get proper sleep and rest before your journey; Wear suitable clothing and footwear; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Float to live: If you unexpectedly fall into the water, the initial cold shock can cause you to gasp, breathe uncontrollably, breathe in water and panic. If you are not wearing a Personal Flotation Device or lifejacket, lay your head back with ears submerged. Stay calm, try to relax and breath normally. Try to float or tread water while you catch your breath. A properly fitted lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you gasp air. Once the cold shock has passed, try to get hold of something that will help you float and get as much of your body out of the water as possible. To lessen heat escape, keep your legs together with arms and elbows by your side. Once you are calm, call for help; In a marine emergency, raise the alarm on VHF Channel 16 or call 999 or 112 and ask for the Coast Guard. ### 7.2 Prior to entering the water *Pages 133–134* Canoeing covers a wide and diverse range of disciplines including sea kayaking, white water kayaking, surf kayaking, polo, slalom, marathon, sprint, freestyle and touring. providers is available on the Canoeing Ireland website at www.canoe.ie. (see Appendix 9 for details of course providers). 7.2 Prior to entering the water A canoe is a lightweight narrow boat, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel using a single-bladed paddle. ▪Ensure you are a competent swimmer and capable of surviving in the water in the areas you operate in. ▪Undertake a First Aid Course and a life-saving course. A kayak is a small, narrow boat which is propelled by means of a doublebladed paddle. ▪Never operate alone, always canoe in company. ▪Do not operate a canoe if under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In this Code of Practice, the term canoe when used also refers to a kayak. ▪Inspect your craft and equipment thoroughly. Check it is fitted with adequate buoyancy material and that such buoyancy is correctly distributed and secured within the hull. There are a number of basic safety precautions that should be applied to any canoeing activity, regardless of its speciality. ▪Ensure that the bung is fitted correctly. 7.1 Training ▪Do not use the canoe unless you Before taking to the water, undertake a recognised training course in the correct use of the specific type of canoe you wish to use. Be completely familiar with relevant rescue/recovery drills, self-righting techniques, e.g. Eskimo roll, etc. Practice such drills with fellow members of your group. Canoeing Ireland have a comprehensive training and accreditation scheme, which covers river, sea kayaking, open canoes and stand-up paddle boarding on inland waterways. Information regarding training courses and registered training are certain it is watertight. Boats with temporary repairs should not be used. ▪If carrying additional equipment, ensure that the canoe is never overloaded. ▪Use a spray deck, with quick release where relevant, and be completely familiar with its use. ▪When using a spray deck, ensure that the grab loop is in good condition and is within reach. ▪Always ensure that your name/ contact address are permanently marked on the hull. The addition of strips of retro-reflective tape to the hull is recommended. ▪Ensure that you have a dependable means of communication. A mobile phone should not be relied on as the primary method of contacting the emergency services. Marine VHF radio equipment is the recommended method of communication. Where mobile phone use is proposed, the phone should at all times be fully charged and the signal strength and charge indicator should be regularly checked while the vessel is underway. If carrying a mobile phone or Marine VHF radio, they should be in a suitable watertight cover. ▪Check the hull is fitted with grab loops/towing lines. Kayaks over 270 cm in length should have decklines fitted fore and aft. ▪Ensure that a responsible person is aware of your intended departure, locations and return details. ▪Assess and study potential courses for hidden dangers, hazards, currents, etc., prior to putting craft into the water. ### 7.4 Sea Kayaking *Pages 135–135* beacon (PLB). See Chapter 1 for further information on PLBs and their registration. This will enable early alerting of the rescue services in the event of an emergency. ▪Open canoes are not suitable for the sea. ▪All kayaks should have suitable footrests. ▪Avoid carrying pets as their potential activity could contribute to a capsize situation. 7.4 Sea Kayaking Kayaking on the sea presents unique challenges and risks compared with other disciplines of kayaking. It is recommended that participants get sea kayak specific training and join a club before participating. Inflatable craft such as inflatable kayaks are not suitable for use in sea kayaking. In addition to the safety advice and requirements in sections 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3, sea kayakers should observe the following precautions: ![Figure from page 135](assets/p135-f02.webp) *Figure from page 135* 7.3 Personal Safety Equipment ▪Wear a PFD/lifejacket – it is a legal requirement (see Appendix 5 for information on types and guidance on the use of PFDs/ lifejackets). ▪Be aware of and check the weather forecast and sea area forecast. Only operate within your limits and ability. Canoeing in a windforce 4 or above should only be considered for the very experienced. ▪The PFD should be fitted with a whistle to attract attention, be in a Hi Visibility colour and fitted with retro-reflective strips. ▪Ensure you are wearing suitable clothing for the type of activity, area of operation and time of the year. ▪Be aware of the tidal conditions or water levels for the areas that you are operating in. ▪Be aware of the dangers of ▪Be aware of how the changing tide hypothermia when wet and exposed to the elements. can impact the sea conditions. ▪Be aware of the effects of ▪If paddling where the risk of head interaction between wind and tide on sea states. injury exists, a suitable helmet should always be worn. ▪Carry a chart for the area ▪When making descents on remote of operation. These can be laminated and attached to the kayak deck. rivers of Grade 3 and higher, and while sea-kayaking, you should carry a registered personal locator ▪Carry a compass. ### 7.5 River Kayaking/Canoeing *Pages 136–137* 7.5 River Kayaking/Canoeing ▪Ensure a nominated person ashore is aware of your itinerary, departure and return times. River kayaking ranges from touring on slow moving Grade 1 water in either open canoes or recreational kayaks, to the more extreme white water river running, which can include whitewater rapids, waterfalls and features such as stoppers and undercuts. Trained and competent persons only should attempt the more extreme activities. Canoeing/Kayaking and Stand-Up Paddle Boarding ▪Have a passage plan and alternative emergency plans, e.g. safe landing area down wind, etc, and log a Traffic Report message via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station (see page 18). ▪Do not operate alone - kayak in company. ▪If capsized and floating outside In addition to the basic safety precautions mentioned in previous sections, operators should observe the following additional checks and advice: your craft, remain with it. It offers a better target to rescuers and has a high buoyancy factor. Do not attempt to swim for shore unless adjacent to the shore. The following additional equipment should be considered: ▪Hulls are examined for damage each time prior to entering the water; ▪Flares ▪Potential courses should be ▪Towrope/throw bag assessed and studied for hidden dangers, snags, hazards, currents, etc., prior to putting boats in the water; ▪Torch ▪Suitable knife ▪Portable waterproof VHF radio ▪Boats should never operate alone ▪Portable GPS unit on a stretch of water; ▪Personal Locator Beacon ▪In extreme and difficult locations, ▪First Aid Kit bank-based rescue should be considered to provide safety cover and the rapid recovery of persons in distress. It is recommended that training and education be undertaken to acquire the skills to provide this cover; ▪Spare food/drink ▪Paddle float/leash ▪Sunscreen protection (SPF factor 30 or higher and UVA protection) and sun hat. Essential equipment should be carried on the person and the remainder in an easily recoverable buoyant grab bag. ▪Contact numbers for medical assistance/rescue authorities/ lockkeepers should be available on site; ▪Kayaks should have adequate ▫Throw bag; buoyancy; ▫Knife; ▪Get First Aid training and carry a ▫Method of towing; First Aid kit on river trips; ▫Dry clothes; ▪If carrying a throwbag, also carry ▫Group shelter; a knife; ▫Food and money; ▪Depending on the difficulty of the ▫Matches/lighter. river, consider carrying some of the following: ▪Be aware of the river’s grading and of the water level before committing. The different grades are listed in the Table below: ▫Split paddles; ▫Webbing slings and carabiners; ▫Duct tape; Grade I: Flat Water Water is stationary or extremely slow moving and without any obstructions. Grade II: Moderately Difficult The way down a river is clear but simple obstructions do exist. Small stoppers and small drops can be present. There are places where the flow accelerates. There is a choice of routes. Grade III: Difficult There is a route that is easily recognisable from the water. Waves can be irregular. Boulders and obstructions can be numerous. Stoppers and small eddies exist. Inspection is advisable. Grade IV: Very Difficult The route is not always clear and inspection is advisable. Rapids are continuous and breakouts are few and small. Stoppers are powerful. Continual manoeuvring with precise control and good decision making is required. Grade V: Extremely Difficult Inspection is essential because serious dangers can exist. Large drops, narrow passages, very complex boulder fields, ever changing water and difficult holes are characteristic of this grade. Difficulties are continuous. The Canoeing Ireland website has more detail on the levels of river grading (https://www.canoe.ie/river-grading-and-area-definitions/). ### 7.6 National Association for canoe and kayak activities *Pages 138–138* ▪Be particularly cautious during ▪In rivers of a high flow rate, flood water conditions where water levels may have risen to levels that may expose you to new obstacles or hazards. with extended periods of rapids, kayaking groups should use waterproof radios to allow communication between group members when line of sight is not possible. ▪Inspect unknown drops before running them; be aware that drops may change or that new hazards may have formed (e.g. fallen trees, etc.). Set up bank based rescue, where appropriate. 7.6 National Association for canoe and kayak activities Canoeing Ireland is the national association for canoe and kayak based activities in Ireland (see Appendix 10 for contact details). ▪Consult Waterways Ireland Marine Notices (www.waterwaysireland. org/news-centre/marinenotices) and lockkeepers for local information. 7.7 Stand-Up Paddle Boards (SUPs) ▪Kayaking groups making descents A development of the traditional surfing long board has seen them equipped with paddles to navigate across the flat water of lakes, estuaries and coastal areas. on remote rivers of Grade 3 and higher should carry registered Personal Location Beacons (PLBs). This will enable early alerting of the rescue services in the event of an emergency. ### 7.7.1 Prior to entering the water *Pages 139–139* When used for the purposes of navigation (i.e. outside the activities of surfing), SUPs are regarded as a craft and are subject to the requirements of recreational craft. ▪Undertake training with an approved course provider. ▪Know how to tow another board. ▪Be aware of any Marine Notices, local Notices to Mariners, local bye-laws and rules of navigation. If using a SUP for navigation on the flat waters of lakes, estuaries or coastal areas, the following safety precautions should be taken: ▪Carry a handheld VHF radio or mobile phone in a waterproof cover. ▪Consider the carriage of a Personal 7.7.1 Prior to entering the water Locator Beacon (PLB), in particular if using a paddle board alone, at sea and where unfamiliar with local currents. See Chapter 1, paragraph 1.2.12.1 of the Code for further information regarding PLBs. ▪Wear appropriate clothing, e.g. a wetsuit. ▪Wear a suitable PFD with a whistle to attract attention. ▪Ensure the board is provided with a suitable leash for the environment and conditions you will be paddling in – Ankle leash for surf or still water and a quick release waist-belt leash for flowing water. ### 7.7.2 On the water *Pages 140–140* 7.8 National Association for stand-up paddle boarding activities 7.7.2 On the water ▪Be a competent swimmer. ▪Ensure the board is provided The Irish Surfing Association (Irish Surfing) is the national governing body for Stand-Up Paddle Boarding activities in Ireland (see Appendix 10 for contact details). with a suitable leash for the environment and conditions you will be paddling in and use it. ▪Do not paddle alone. ▪Always ensure somebody ashore is aware of your location and return time and avoid paddling at night. ▪Only paddle in waters that are suitable and safe. Understand the elements and hazards – winds, tidal ranges and flows. Avoid offshore winds and fast flowing waters. ▪Wind can often overpower a paddle boarder. Ensure you have enough energy for the return journey. Laying low on the board will reduce the wind area. ▪When operating in areas near other marine traffic, fairways or shipping lanes, be aware that your profile on the water is almost invisible. Allow sufficient time to cross and never cross in front of shipping. ## Rowing Boats ### Rowing Boats *Pages 141–144* ## 8 Rowing Boats Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice It is recommended that all owners and users of rowing boats should follow this Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice both before going on the water and while on the water: Get training from an approved training provider in the correct use of the type of craft you wish to use. Be familiar with and instructed in the capsize drill; Wear a Personal Flotation Device/Lifejacket: Know about the legal requirements in relation to the wearing and carrying of Personal Flotation Devices/Lifejackets and the need for the proper care and maintenance of such devices. These requirements are dealt with in Part A of the Code of Practice. Select the proper type based on activity or conditions. See Marine Notice No. 32 of 2019; Check current weather forecasts and water conditions prior to departure and plan your voyage accordingly (see Appendix 6, Weather, Sea States and Tides); Check for any Hazards and Risks and Prepare a Passage Plan - See Appendix 8 of the Code of Practice for an example of a passage planning template and note the information on hazards and risk assessment on pages 10 – 16. Assess the hazards and risks before leaving shore but continue to be aware during your trip as the conditions can change; Avoid operating alone: Be aware of the additional risks involved with single person operation when there is nobody else nearby to help you or to raise the alarm; Carry out Pre-Departure Safety Checks and Briefing – Check the condition of your craft and safety equipment. All persons on board should know what to do in the event of an emergency, where the safety/emergency equipment is on board, e.g. flares, radio equipment, etc., and how to use the equipment; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Tell someone about the plans for your trip - a designated person ashore should know your departure and return times, where you are going, and what to do to raise the alarm if necessary. See page 20 for a suggested information template; Let the Coast Guard know: Before you go out on the water, it is recommended that all recreational craft users log a Traffic Report message via the nearest Coast Guard Radio Station – see page 18 for further information; Bring a dependable means of communication. VHF radio equipment is the recommended method of communication and craft users should be familiar with its use. Mobile phones should not be relied on and should only be considered as a back up means of communication. Where mobile phone use is proposed, the phone should be in a waterproof pouch with a lanyard, be fully charged at all times and the signal strength and charge indicator should be regularly checked while the vessel is underway; Consider bringing an appropriate Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) or Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) as these provide an effective means to send a distress alert. Where a number of boats are on the water at one time, perhaps the attending safety boat could carry a PLB or EPIRB. See sections 1.2.12.1, 11.3 and Appendix 2 of the Code for further information, including in relation to the registration of such devices; Be responsible – do not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs during a trip: when operating a recreational craft, a person must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination of drugs or of drugs and alcohol to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the craft; Be aware of and recognise the symptoms of fatigue – get proper sleep and rest before your journey; Wear suitable clothing and footwear; Think and Prepare Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice Float to live: If you unexpectedly fall into the water, the initial cold shock can cause you to gasp, breathe uncontrollably, breathe in water and panic. If you are not wearing a Personal Flotation Device or lifejacket, lay your head back with ears submerged. Stay calm, try to relax and breath normally. Try to float or tread water while you catch your breath. A properly fitted lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you gasp air. Once the cold shock has passed, try to get hold of something that will help you float and get as much of your body out of the water as possible. As per the capsize drill, remember to stay with your boat. To lessen heat escape, keep your legs together with arms and elbows by your side. Once you are calm, call for help; In a marine emergency, raise the alarm on VHF Channel 16 or call 999 or 112 and ask for the Coast Guard. ### 8.3 Olympic style rowing boats and safety boats *Pages 145–145* Rowing includes “Olympic Style” rowing boats, racing gigs/skiffs and traditional racing currachs. ▪In the event that you enter the water, where possible stay with the boat, get out of the water by getting back in the boat or on top of the upturned hull in accordance with the capsize drill. 8.1 Training It is recommended that persons involved in rowing activities should undertake appropriate training. A number of training schemes and approved courses are available and information may be obtained from Rowing Ireland and the Irish Coastal Rowing Federation (see Appendix 9 for details of course providers). ▪Be aware of the dangers of hypothermia when wet or exposed to the elements. ▪It is important to consider and establish an effective and dependable means of communication, other than by solely using mobile phone technology, for the specific location of the activities to be undertaken. All rowers should be familiar with and instructed in the capsize drill during initial introduction training to the sport of Rowing. All rowers should receive refresher training in the capsize drill periodically. All participants should be aware of the requirements set out in the Rowing Ireland Safety Manual and the Row Safe publication, which are available on the Rowing Ireland website at www.rowingireland.ie. 8.2 Prior to going on the water ▪Ensure you are a competent swimmer and capable of surviving in the water in the areas you operate in. Rowers should be able to swim at least 50 metres in light clothing. Exercise care when climbing into and out of boats from pontoons, jetties, quay walls or other landing platforms. Procedures should be practiced and subject to training. ▪It is important to risk assess local conditions, currents, wind strength and direction, etc., prior to putting craft into the water. Boats should not be operated in waters that are beyond the capabilities of the crew or the boats concerned. 8.3 Olympic style rowing boats and safety boats These boats are used in the rowing events in the Olympic Games and are governed in Ireland by Rowing Ireland. The following safety points should be adhered to at all times. ▪Prepare for the trip you are taking. Ensure you are dressed appropriately for the conditions and that your hair, if long, is tied up so that it does not interfere with your rowing and to avoid entanglement. A coach and/or a safety boat should always be in attendance and other safety precautions must be followed. Operators of safety boats should be ### 8.4 Boat construction and equipment *Pages 146–146* 8.4 Boat construction and equipment suitably qualified and boats should be suitably identified to alert other craft in the area that there are rowing boats on the water. Particular care is required to address risks where beginner, junior and inexperienced rowers are on the water. Rowing Boats ▪All rowing equipment should be kept in good order and inspected regularly. ▪Buoyancy compartments located in bow and stern must be checked to ensure they are in good order and will function as intended. Boats should be handled carefully and correctly at all times when out of water to avoid damage to hulls or injury to crews or spectators. Coach/safety boats should carry the following items of equipment: ▪Suitable bailer ▪Suitable inflatable pump - if an inflatable is used as a rescue boat ▪Boats, when placed on water and ▪A throw bag with at least 10 m of prior to crew embarking, should be checked to confirm they are safe, free of leaks and all moving parts are functioning. buoyant line ▪A sound signalling device - air or aerosol power klaxon ▪Thermal exposure blankets ▪Restraints and quick release ▪Lifebuoys or additional PFD/ mechanisms must be in good working order on boats equipped with fitted shoes. The use of Velcro straps on fixed shoes, as opposed to lace–ups, is recommended. lifejackets to assist persons in the water – one for each crew member on the rowing boat ▪Suitable First Aid Kit (check the contents regularly, at least monthly) ▪Check ventilation bungs are ▪Anchor and line in position and that outriggers swivels, seats, etc. are secure. ▪Knife ▪Ensure all steering mechanisms ▪Engine Kill cord to be used by the are working. engine operator ▪Sculls and oar buttons should be ▪Paddle checked to ensure they are secure and properly set. ▪Suitable handholds fixed to the side of the boat – to assist persons being rescued ▪Coaching launches should be on the water at all times when rowing craft are in use. Unescorted outings are not encouraged and, if undertaken, a designated person ashore should know the departure times, destinations and return times. ▪Give consideration to the fitting of propellor guards to all outboard engines to protect persons in the water during recovery. ### 8.5 Coastal and Traditional racing currachs and Safety Boats *Pages 147–148* ▪All persons participating should be in good health and capable of swimming 50 m while wearing light clothing. ▪All boat coxswains should wear an approved PFD/lifejacket at all times. Boats should not be used at night unless they comply with the requirements of the International Collision Regulations regarding navigation lights. Boats should not be operated in weather or tide conditions that may compromise their low freeboard and stability. Coaches, coxswains and crew should at all times be aware of local navigation rules, including any possible hazards or potential dangers arising from tidal stream or wind that may prevail locally. When racing in competitions, the World Rowing Rules of Racing in conjunction with the Rowing Ireland Safety Manual and the Row Safe publication should be adhered to fully. 8.5 Coastal and Traditional racing currachs and Safety Boats ▪Crew engaged in racing these boats should wear a suitable PFD/ lifejacket at all times. ▪Boats should be equipped with a means of attracting attention (Aerosol Klaxon). ▪Coaches/Crews should not operate these boats in waters that are beyond the capabilities of the crew or boats. Coastal Rowing Boats and Equipment ▪Coaching/Rescue boats that are in attendance should be suitably equipped and be operated by competent operators. Boats should: ▪Unescorted outings are not ▪Be suitable for the waters and encouraged and, if undertaken, a designated person ashore should know the departure times, destinations and return times. It is also important that a person reports back advising the designated person of their safe return. conditions in which they are to be used. ▪Be maintained and in good condition. ▪Carry the following safety equipment whenever out on the water: ### 8.6 National Associations *Pages 149–150* ▫a bailer ▪the stability of the rowing boat(s) under supervision or ▫an air horn, loud whistle or similarly loud audible signalling device. ▪the safety of other water users. ▪Have handholds or a ladder on the side to help any person being rescued and provide self-help should the operator fall overboard. ▫a brightly coloured flag in daylight and/or bright light or flare during darkness and twilight ▫a First Aid kit ▪Have sufficient space for a person to lie down. ▫a Throw Bag ▪Bear a plate stating the maximum ▫a sharp knife in a carrying sheath. weight and number of passengers it can support. ▫dependable means of communication. ▪Have regular maintenance checks ▫Navigation Lights (if operating on both the boat and the engine. during darkness or after sunset). Recommended Equipment: ▪Suitable lifejackets/PFDs should be worn at all times. ▪Navigation Lights (for operation during darkness). Rowing Equipment and fittings: ▪A bailer. ▪Oars should be well maintained ▪A tow rope. and structurally sound. ▪An anchor and sufficient line. ▪Tillers/rudders should be ▪Paddles. structurally sound, including fixings and rope or tiller handle. ▪An air horn, loud whistle or other similarly loud audible device. ▪Gates/oarlocks and outriggers ▪A brightly coloured flag and/or should be structurally sound and well maintained. light or flare. ▪Dependable means of ▪Hatch covers, where required, communication. must be fitted, sealed and secured. ▪A sharp knife in a carrying sheath. ▪Foot and heel restraints should be structurally sound and fitted with a quick release mechanism in case of an emergency. ▪First Aid kit. ▪Thermal blankets. ▪Throw Bag. Safety Boats should: ▪Life buoys. ▪Ample fuel to cover the voyage. ▪Be quick, manoeuvrable, and stable and should never create an excessive wash which will impact on It is recommended that participants in Coastal Rowing should be trained The Irish Coastal Rowing Federation is a governing body for coastal rowing in Ireland (see Appendix 10 for contact details). and competent in emergency procedures including: Rowing Boats ▪Capsize Drills ▪Man Overboard ▪Boat Launching and Recovery, including how to launch and recover a boat in unfavourable or deteriorating conditions ▪Crew Changeovers. 8.6 National Associations Rowing Ireland is the National Governing Body for rowing in Ireland and represents over 100 Clubs across Ireland (See Appendix 10 for contact details). ## Charter Boats/Bare Boat Hire ### Charter Boats/Bare Boat Hire *Pages 151–152* ## 9 Charter Boats/ Bare Boat Hire There are a number of boat charter associations whose members adhere to an agreed code of operation which covers such items as: Craft that are supplied with a skipper and crew as part of a hire are regarded as Passenger Boats and must be surveyed and licensed by the Marine Survey Office of the IMA. Boats that are offered for hire without crew and for operation by private individuals are classed as charter or bare boat hire. Charter Boats/Bare Boat Hire ▪Safety equipment supplied. ▪Operating limitations for boats. ▪Training and familiarisation for customers in handling boats. ▪Emergency backup and There is a range of boats available for hire to the public. Examples include: maintenance. Depending on the type of boat being chartered and the proposed itinerary, some operators will require customers to prove levels of competency to the hiring company’s satisfaction. ▪Cabin Cruisers transiting the Shannon waterways. ▪Sail boats for use on extended coastal trips. ▪Boats used for angling on inland lakes. Members of the public intending to hire such craft should ask the boat company about the issues listed in sections 9.1 to 9.3. ▪Day boats for short local trips (coastal or inland). ▪Sailing Dinghies. ▪Kayaks, canoes and stand-up paddle boards. ▪Windsurfers. ▪Barges. ### 9.1 Training *Pages 153–153* 9.1 Training ▪Maximum number of people/ luggage that a craft may carry. While some operators offer a comprehensive training scheme, including personal instruction and videos, some may not. Before departing on any boat, customers should request instruction by the owner/operator in the following items, specifically relating to the boat they are hiring: ▪Contact points for rescue services, radio channels and relevant mobile phone numbers. Training courses are provided by various organisations (see Appendix 9). 9.2 Insurance ▪Is the boat covered by insurance? ▪Engine operation, including operation of controls and basic engine checks. ▪What is the extent of the insurance cover? ▪Emergency operation of boat ▪Are there any restrictions or equipment, e.g. emergency steering, alternative means of engine starting, anchoring. conditions (such as suitability for use on canals or permit compliance) that apply to the insurance cover? ▪Location of all safety equipment (including PFD/lifejackets). Non-adherence to terms and conditions of insurance may cause difficulties and result in insurance being voided. ▪Operation of safety equipment, including donning PFD/lifejacket, flares, radio, as applicable to boat type. 9.3 Minimum safety equipment on board ▪Fire Fighting appliance location and use (if applicable to boat type). All boats offered for hire without a skipper should as a minimum be fitted with the safety equipment recommended in Table E in Chapter 2 and Table F in Chapter 3, which are relevant to the area of operation of the craft. ▪Means of pumping bilges. ▪Actions in the event of running aground. ▪Instruction in boat handling, including berthing alongside, going astern, man overboard manoeuvres and recovery procedures (this should consist of a short practical demonstration). ▪Details of area of operation, local weather conditions, maps/charts, Marine Notices as relevant. ### 9.3 Minimum safety equipment on board *Pages 154–154* Recreational Craft are classed into 6 categories: Charter Boats/Bare Boat Hire Category A - Ocean Category B - Offshore Category C - Coastal Category D - Inshore / Estuary Category E - Inland waterways including large open lakes Category F - Inland Waterways - open boats less than 7 m in length operating in rivers and sheltered areas on lakes in moderate weather conditions. Hire craft in Irish waters are generally confined to Categories C, D, E and F. ## Operational Safety, including at Marinas, and Maintenance ### Operational Safety, including at Marinas, and Maintenance *Pages 155–155* ## 10 Operational Safety, including at marinas, and maintenance ### 10.2 Marina Safety *Pages 156–157* Chapter 10 provides basic guidance on safety and maintenance. ▪Tenders other than inflatable types should have additional buoyancy fitted. This may be in the form of dedicated buoyancy tubes, polyethylene foam block or integral buoyancy chambers built into the boat. 10.1 Tendering operations to moored craft There are instances where boats are moored offshore due to tidal or draft restrictions and access to them is achieved by the use of a smaller tender launched from shore. In such instances, where a tender is used to access and board a moored vessel, the following precautions should be taken: ▪All tenders should, if utilising an outboard engine, also carry a set of oars or paddles and be fitted with a suitable painter. ▪The tender should not be overloaded by either personnel or equipment. Many tenders are fitted with a manufacturer’s instruction plate on the transom identifying the maximum number of persons or equipment, or combinations of each, a tender may safely carry and the maximum power of any outboard engine that may be safely fitted to the boat – do not exceed these figures. ▪Crew must wear a PFD/lifejacket at all times for the operation of boarding the tender, transit to and boarding of the moored craft. ▪It is recommended that operators carry a waterproof handheld VHF radio. ▪Persons under the influence of alcohol or drugs should not participate in tendering operations. ▪Suitable means of boarding the moored vessel should be provided, e.g. boarding ladder, access gates on railings, etc. ▪Ensure the tender is in good condition and suitably equipped. If using an inflatable dinghy type, check the tubes are correctly inflated and the dinghy is a multitube type capable of remaining afloat in the event of failure of any single tube. 10.2 Marina Safety While the use of a marina facility offers benefits of increased convenience and comfort to boat operators, it should be noted that a marina is a potentially dangerous location. Many marinas are located in deep water that is subject to strong tidal streams, are exposed to strong winds and are fitted with a minimum of protective barriers. Strong tidal streams can present a danger in the event of an accident. ▪Be aware of tidal and wind conditions prior to commencing any tendering operation. ▪If launching directly from shore, ensure that the launch point is a safe departure point, can be safely accessed and is not subject to excessive surf. crew members in the process of berthing the boat. A short step and not a long jump is the required transit from boat to berth. Take note of speed limits and "no wake areas" in harbours, approaching marinas or near swimming areas. Users are encouraged to observe the following precautions when using and moving about on marina installations: ▪Instruct all crew on deck to wear a PFD/lifejacket when bringing a boat on/off a marina berth. ▪Do not leave children unattended ▪Wear suitable non-slip footwear. on a marina facility. ▪Be aware of the surface condition ▪Ensure children are wearing a of decks, particularly if wet. suitable PFD/lifejacket at all times when they are on a marina. ▪Do not obstruct marina walkways or finger berths with gear/trolleys. ▪Avoid wearing a knapsack, haversack, ruck sack or back pack while on a marina as these can prove dangerous in the event that you fall into the water. ▪Ensure that boat operations that involve coming alongside and departing marina berths are controlled, and do not jeopardise ### 10.3 Slipways *Pages 158–158* ▪When using shore power ▪Observe all management safety electricity supplies, always ensure trailing leads are in good condition, fitted with suitable plugs/sockets, are correctly supported and do not present a trip hazard. instructions. ▪Be aware of the dangers of moving about on a marina whilst under the influence of alcohol. ▪Take note of lifebuoy locations and ▪Only connect to power pedestals pontoon boarding ladders when entering or departing a marina. in accordance with the provider’s instructions. ▪Do not moor to pontoon boarding ▪Shore power cables should be ladders as they must be kept clear in case of an emergency. unplugged from the marina electrical pillar first and from the boat socket second – to ensure that a live cable is not being held and carried by a crew member while preparing to leave the dock. ▪Recreational craft moored at exposed marinas/pontoons must be appropriately tied up and monitored throughout. ▪Report any noted defects to the marina management. ### 10.4 Beach launching *Pages 159–159* 10.3 Slipways ▪Report any safety concerns regarding the condition of the slipway to the owners. ▪Make visual inspection of the slipway surface to ensure it is free of material (e.g. reeds, seaweed/ substances such as oil or grease) that may cause loss of traction for a towing vehicle or a slip hazard for personnel. ▪Keep slipways clear of obstruction for other users by removing vehicles, trailers, trolleys, dinghies and other gear. ▪Do not park on a slipway. ▪Make sure there is sufficient water ▪Be aware of tide. depth to float off the craft before the trailer reaches the end of the slipway. ▪Use an appropriate breakaway cable. ▪Be mindful of open water ▪Be sure the vehicle in use has the swimmers. traction and power to cope with launching from a slipway with a steep gradient. If in doubt, go elsewhere. 10.4 Beach launching Launching/recovering craft from any beach, particularly one subject to surf, can be a dangerous exercise and should always be approached with caution. ▪The use of a four wheel drive vehicle is recommended if launching a boat trailer. ▪Know where the life-saving ▪Seek local advice on suitable and appliances are located. safe launching sites. ▪Where possible, do not conduct a ▪Be aware that conditions may launching alone. deteriorate dramatically between departure and return, dependent on tidal and weather conditions. ▪Ensure the slipway is clear before reversing. ▪Be vigilant when launching/ ▪Always be aware of the effects of recovering. wind versus tide in the area. ▪Have a plan should the trailer and ▪Study the local weather vehicle slip into the water adjacent to the slipway, i.e. windows open, buoyancy aid available but not worn. forecast prior to any attempted departure. ▪Be aware of the force of breaking waves on a boat and the potential damage by slamming into the surf. ▪Do not allow any passengers to remain in the vehicle while launching or recovering a boat. ▪Do not launch if the surf height exceeds 0.5 m, unless using specialist craft and with suitable training. ▪Note and follow any warnings or safety instructions posted by the owner of the slipway. ### 10.5.1 Rigging *Pages 160–160* 10.5 Maintenance 10.5.1 Rigging ▪Always wear a suitable PFD/ lifejacket and ensure all loose gear is correctly secured. Rigging components on a sailing craft are subject to extreme loadings. If these are set up incorrectly in the beginning and adjusted subsequently, the fluctuations in load can result in fatigue failure of stays, spreaders or masts, despite the use of modern materials. ▪Ensure sufficient experienced crew are available. Do not attempt to launch short-handed. ▪Advise a responsible person ashore of your plans, including departure and return times, launch locations and intended destinations. Always inform them of your safe return. Rigging demands constant attention and inspection on an ongoing basis. While a boat is in service, it must be recognised that despite the use of materials such as stainless steel, components such as shrouds and terminals will not last indefinitely and must be replaced. On many boats greater than 6 metres in length, current practice is not to remove the mast at the end of the season. Consequently, rigs remain in place for many years without proper inspection. ▪Check with the relevant local authority/local Beach Bye-laws that there is no prohibition on beach launching. ### 10.5.3 Outboard engines *Pages 161–161* 10.5.2 Inboard engine operation and maintenance The following maintenance of a vessel’s rigging should be undertaken: On craft fitted with inboard engines, prior to proceeding to sea the following procedures should be undertaken: ▪A competent person should inspect all elements of the rigging visually. This should be done annually. As this may involve undertaking a masthead inspection working at height, only individuals experienced in working aloft and using a suitable Bosun’s Chair or equivalent should undertake this work. ▪Check oil and coolant levels. ▪Inspect all bilges for leaks. ▪Oily or engine space bilges should not be pumped overboard under any circumstances. ▪Ensure all sea valves are open. ▪Shrouds should be examined for ▪Ensure adequate fuel is carried on signs of damaged, distorted or kinked wire strands. board. ▪While the engine is running, ▪Stay wire end terminals should inspect for any fuel leaks. be visually inspected – rolled or swaged ends are prone to splitting. Norseman or Staylock terminals can be opened and inspected internally if required. Ensure turnbuckles are not distorted or damaged. ▪Prior to leaving the dock, ensure an adequate cooling overboard discharge is present. ▪Check that the engine operates ahead and astern prior to departure from the berth or mooring. ▪Be aware of the age of your ▪Battery electrolyte levels should vessel’s shrouds. A regularly used craft should consider stay renewal every 7-10 years depending on usage. Keep a record of renewal dates. It is advisable to renew stays on a rolling basis, changing a section every year. be checked on a regular basis throughout the season. ▪Propeller shaft systems, including regular greasing of bearings and inspection of leakage rate at glands, should also be included in an owner’s maintenance routine. ▪Always renew with suitable material, size and terminals. It is recommended to have this work done professionally. 10.5.3 Outboard engines On craft fitted with outboard engines, the following procedures should be followed: ▪Be aware of the correct procedure to tune rigging. ### 10.5.5 Minimum spare parts *Pages 162–162* ▪The Engine Unit should be ▪Oil and filter change. serviced at the start of each season by a qualified technician. ▪Fuel tanks drained of water (ensure they are filled with fuel prior to lay up) and fuel filters renewed. ▪Ensure the unit cooling system is flushed with fresh water prior to lay up at the end of the season. ▪Inspect all cooling pipes, and check levels of anti-freeze fitted in cooling systems. Examine all exhaust lines for wastage or leaks. ▪Prior to departure, check the condition of the propeller/shear pin assembly if fitted. ▪Be aware of the correct starting ▪Inspect impellers on Sea Water procedures before departing, in particular how to avoid flooding the engine. Cooling systems (Jabsco pumps). ▪Check condition of any starting battery systems. ▪If using a two-stroke engine, ▪Examine condition of underwater always ensure the correct oil/fuel mixture is used. anodes. ▪Inspect condition of propeller ▪Engines should be correctly shaft cutlass bearings. mounted onto the boats transom; in addition a safety lanyard should always be attached. ▪Check operation of all sea water hull shut-off valves. 10.5.5 Minimum spare parts ▪The use of a “kill cord” with the unit is recommended at all times. For Inboard Engine ▪Fan belt set. ▪Oil/fuel filter set. ▪Spare Jabsco sea water pump impeller and gaskets. ▪Spare change of engine oil. ▪Spare jubilee clips to suit hoses on board. For Outboard Engine ▪Spark plugs (in case of petrol 10.5.4 Annual engine maintenance engines). Prior to the start of each season, owners should undertake the following annual maintenance procedures: ▪Spare Shear Pin (if relevant). ### 10.5.6 Tool Kit *Pages 163–164* 10.6 Electrical systems in recreational craft ![Figure from page 163](assets/p163-f02.webp) *Figure from page 163* Electrical systems on recreational craft can vary from simple 12volt starting batteries to complex high voltage installations incorporating generators, advanced navigation, communication and domestic service systems. All electrical installations are subject to prolonged exposure to a hostile marine environment, including vibration, moisture and mechanical damage. Furthermore, they can be compromised as they degrade due to aging. Retrofitting of electrical equipment by non-competent individuals also poses serious risk to vessels. 10.5.6 Tool Kit Craft should carry a suitable and relevant tool kit comprising of the following suggested items: Failure of electrical components can result in a number of scenarios ranging from loss of essential propulsion machinery, fire, damage to hull fittings due to stray electrical currents and, on occasion, injury or loss of life due to electrocution. It is therefore essential that electrical systems on recreational vessels are routinely inspected and maintained by a competent person. ▪Screwdriver set. ▪Spanner set applicable to each craft. ▪Adjustable spanner. ▪Torch. ▪Spark plug spanner (in the case of petrol engines). ▪Junior hacksaw and spare blades. ▪Pliers and vise grips. ▪Can of WD40 release oil, if The following recommendations for owners of pleasure craft should be noted: relevant. ![Figure from page 163](assets/p163-f03.webp) *Figure from page 163* 1. Carry out regular visual checks of cabling and ensure that all cable runs and connections are secure and free of any mechanical or water damage. systems and equipment as per the regulations and guidelines in place. 2. Using a competent marine electrician, conduct regular ‘earth checks’ and ‘megger tests’ on cables and, where appropriate, equipment. Earth faults should be cleared promptly, especially on systems having a voltage to earth of greater than 55 V. 6. The routine testing of electrical systems as part of the vessel’s maintenance schedule is very important and should include the following: ▪Earthing/bonding arrangements 3. Pay particular attention to the way that additional equipment is connected, irrespective of whether it is permanently or temporarily installed. The power supply should be taken from a point in the circuit which is protected by a fuse or circuit breaker and never connected directly to the battery or alternator or associated wiring. All such work should be undertaken by a competent electrical contractor. ▪Insulation resistance of cables, mechanical damage to cables and securing of cables ▪Switchboards, panel boards and distribution boards for damaged, overheated components and loose connections ▪Lighting and power circuits ▪Generators and motors ▪Transformers ▪Switchgear and controlgear 4. Regularly check battery installations and terminal connections. If using lead Acid type batteries stored inside a vessel, ensure there is a suitable means of venting the storage space to atmosphere. Provide some ventilation for the space where “sealed” or “maintenance free” type batteries are located. Be aware of the dangers of fire or electrocution due to shorting of battery terminals when working with batteries. ▪Voltage drop ▪Lighting, heating and galley equipment ▪Battery storage, securing and ventilation arrangements. 7. Sufficient spares should be carried onboard to enable repair of a vessel’s essential systems in the event of failure. 8. Any failure of critical systems should be investigated immediately to determine the cause, and any repairs should be carried out by a qualified individual. 5. Ensure any additions or modifications to the electrical installations are carried out by qualified personnel who are competent and aware of the requirements for marine electrical ### 10.7 Liquified/Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) *Pages 165–165* Additional reference material: It is essential that all installation and any planned maintenance or repair work is undertaken by a qualified technician to an approved standard - (ISO 10239:2014 Small Craft – Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Systems), and in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. ▪Marine Notice No. 18 of 2023 regarding electrical systems and the Annexes to the Marine Notice deal with basic requirements for electrical systems not exceeding 50 V DC, ageing, loose connections and parts in electrical equipment and testing of electrical equipment. Gas Cylinders should always: ▪Be handled with care. Never lift a ▪International Organization for gas cylinder by the cylinder valve; Standardization (ISO) Standard EN ISO 13297:2020 Small craft – Electrical equipment. ▪Be stowed outside in order that any leakage may disperse quickly to the open atmosphere; ▪International Electrotechnical ▪Be stored upright and secured Commission (IEC) Standard 60092-507:2017, “Electrical installations in ships”, the most relevant part being “Part 507:2015 small vessels”. against movement; ▪Where stowed in lockers on deck, have adequate drainage ports provided to allow the gas (which is heavier than air) dissipate safely. 10.7 Liquified/Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) The following safety devices should be fitted to any LPG system: Many recreational craft are fitted with Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) installations and appliances, primarily in the form of cookers. LPG is supplied in pressurised cylinders and is usually propane, butane or a mixture of the two gases. ▪Manual Isolation valve on the cylinder; ▪Fixed pressure regulator located within the storage locker to provide a fixed working pressure to the consuming device; When handled incorrectly, the dangers associated with LPG systems include fire, explosion, burns and asphyxiation, due to gas leakage from the system or accumulation of gas following flame failure in an appliance. Such incidents have caused loss of life and material damage on recreational craft. ▪A pressure relief device located on or adjacent to the cylinder; ▪An automatic safety gas cut out device located on the cylinder or adjacent to it, to cut off the gas supply in the event of a loss of pressure due to a gas leak; ### 10.8 Vessel Refuelling *Pages 166–166* Emergency Action In the event of a gas leak being detected, the following actions should be taken: ▪A manual shut-off valve located adjacent to the appliance, but easily accessed for the purpose of operation; Operational Safety, including at Marinas, and Maintenance ▪Gas detectors, located in the ▪Isolate the gas supply at the space appliances are situated. Detectors should be located in bilge areas or at floor level to detect accumulating gas leakage. Alarms should be audible and arranged to automatically cut off the gas supply from the bottle; bottle; ▪Extinguish all flames and cigarettes. Do not operate any electrical equipment or switches; ▪Ventilate the space, being aware that as the gas is heavier than air, it will sink into bilges; ▪Carbon Monoxide alarms and local fire alarms should also be fitted in spaces containing cookers; ▪Be aware of the location of all fire extinguishing equipment; ▪All gas safety isolation and safety ▪Do not operate the system until devices should be clearly marked to indicate their function and the open and closed positions. the fault has been corrected by a qualified technician. Further information and advice is contained in Marine Notice No. 37 of 2017 (Use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) installations and systems on merchant vessels, fishing vessels, pleasure craft and other marine craft). Only appliances designed for use in a marine environment should be installed on a vessel. The cooker should be fitted with a gas shut-off. Systems should be subject to annual maintenance by a qualified technician and all onboard alarms and shut-offs should be checked at least monthly when the vessel is in use. 10.8 Vessel Refuelling Refuelling of boats can create a risk of fire and/or explosion, leading to loss of life, injury and significant property and environmental damage. Preventing such events or mitigating their effects requires close attention. For advice and guidance on vessel refuelling, please see Marine Notice No. 61 of 2023. Appliances should be securely fixed to the craft. Where a cooker is mounted on a gimball arrangement, its freedom to move should not be restricted. A means of exhaust ventilation should be fitted to the space where a LPG appliance is fitted, with suction ducting located at floor level or in bilge areas. Extraction fans should be located external to the space. ### 10.9.1 Smart Weather Buoys *Pages 167–168* 10.9 Commissioners of Irish Lights (Irish Lights) 10.9.1 Smart Weather Buoys Smart Buoys currently provide the mariner with traditional visual navigational information as well as internet-accessible environmental information from around the coast of Ireland, including: Irish Lights is the General Lighthouse Authority for Ireland, its adjacent seas, and islands. Irish Lights is responsible for the provision and maintenance of lighthouses, buoys, beacons, and radio aids to marine navigation (AtoN) to assist the safe and continuous passage of all classes of mariners in general navigation and has a duty of superintendence and management for all local AtoN. Irish Lights is required to inspect Local AtoN and report the result of those inspections to the relevant Government Minister. AtoN cannot be established, disestablished or altered without prior consent from Irish Lights. ▪Sea state (Wave Height, Wave Period) ▪Weather conditions (Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Gust Speed, Gust Direction) ▪Water Temperature. Information and data feedback from the smart weather buoys around the coast are available at MetOcean Charts (irishlights.ie). All radio navigation systems are susceptible to interference (including jamming) and environmental effects, which can adversely affect their availability. Irish Lights strongly advises that no single Aids to Navigation system should be used in isolation and that users should use all alternative means available to cross check the information received. Further information can be found at www.irishlights.ie. If you see an Aid to Navigation that is not functioning correctly, please contact the Irish Lights 24 hour emergency number on +353 1 280 1996. /DWKZdEd/E&KZDd/KE SEASONAL RACINGMARKS What you need to know before you deploy your buoy ǀĞƌLJƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůƌĂĐŝŶŐŵĂƌŬĚĞƉůŽLJĞĚĨŽƌƐĂŝůŝŶŐ͕ ƐǁŝŵŵŝŶŐ͕ ŽƌĂŶLJŵĂƌŝŶĞĂĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĂ^ƚĂƚƵƚŽƌLJŽŶƐĞŶƚƚŽďĞĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚďLJLJŽƵƌ>ŽĐĂů>ŝŐŚƚŚŽƵƐĞ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ;ƵƐƵĂůůLJLJŽƵƌůŽĐĂůƉŽƌƚĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJŽƌŽƵŶƚLJŽƵŶĐŝůͿ͘  HERE TO HELP ^ĞĞ/ƌŝƐŚ>ŝŐŚƚƐͬ^ĂĨĞƚLJ ĂŶĚEĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŽŶ ŽƌĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ infoΛŝƌŝƐŚůŝŐŚƚƐ͘ ŝĞ ĨŽƌĨƵƌƚŚĞƌŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶŽŶƚŚŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕  ŽƌŝĨLJŽƵŶĞĞĚŚĞůƉƚŽŝĚĞŶƚŝĨLJLJŽƵƌ >ŽĐĂů>ŝŐŚƚŚŽƵƐĞƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͘  dŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ/ƌŝƐŚ>ŝŐŚƚƐŝƐ^ĂĨĞEĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŽŶĂƚ ^ĞĂ͘ tĞĂƌĞĂŵĂƌŝƚŝŵĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ ĞƐƐĞŶƚŝĂůϮϰͬϳƐĂĨĞƚLJĂŶĚŶĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŽŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞĐŽĂƐƚŽĨ/ƌĞůĂŶĚ;EŽƌƚŚĂŶĚ^ŽƵƚŚͿ͕ ϯϲϱ ĚĂLJƐĂLJĞĂƌ͘ WůĂLJŝŶŐĂůĞĂĚƌŽůĞŝŶŵĂƌŝƚŝŵĞƐĂĨĞƚLJ͕  /ƌŝƐŚ>ŝŐŚƚƐŝƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌDĂƌŝƚŝŵĞŝĚƐƚŽ EĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞ^ĂĨĞƚLJŽĨ>ŝĨĞĂƚ^ĞĂ;^K>^Ϳ ŽŶǀĞŶƚŝŽŶ͘ dŚŝƐƌĞŵŝƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƚŚĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞŽĨŽǀĞƌϯϰϬŐĞŶĞƌĂůĂŝĚƐƚŽŶĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŽŶ͕  ƚŚĞƐƵƉĞƌŝŶƚĞŶĚĞŶĐĞŽĨĂƉƉƌŽdž͘ ϯ͕ 5ϬϬůŽĐĂůĂŝĚƐƚŽ ŶĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐŽƌƌĞŵŽǀŝŶŐĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐ ǁƌĞĐŬƐŽƵƚƐŝĚĞŚĂƌďŽƵƌĂƌĞĂƐĂƌŽƵŶĚ/ƌĞůĂŶĚ͘  EMERGENCY RESPONSE: &ŽƌĂŝĚƐƚŽŶĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŽŶĐŽŶƚĂĐƚŽƵƌϮϰͲŚŽƵƌĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐLJ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽŶϬϭͲϮϴϬϭϵϵϲ ## Emergency Procedures ### Emergency Procedures *Pages 169–169* ## 11 Emergency Procedures ### 11.1.2 Making an urgency broadcast using VHF - PAN-PAN *Pages 170–172* CALLSIGN EI __ __ __ __ (Or other identification) The procedures described in this Chapter do not prevent the use by any vessel, survival craft or person in distress of any means at their disposal to attract attention, make known their position and obtain help. Emergency Procedures MAYDAY, ‘NAME OF VESSEL’, CALLSIGN EI __ __ __ __ STATE THE POSITION OF THE VESSEL. (If possible give the position from a GPS receiver or bearings from and distance to any known fixed points e.g. “Position one mile South of Fastnet Lighthouse”) 11.1 Procedure for making distress or urgency calls using VHF voice 11.1.1 Making a distress transmission using VHF voice broadcasting – MAYDAY STATE THE NATURE OF DISTRESS. (e.g. sinking, man overboard, fire on board, …) STATE THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ABOARD. STATE ANY OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION. In cases where there is grave or imminent danger to either the vessel or persons on board, including man overboard situations, then a MAYDAY should be broadcast on Channel 16 with the VHF unit set to high power in the following format, after pressing the VHF Distress Button (if your VHF has a DSC function): OVER”. 11.1.2 Making an urgency broadcast using VHF - PAN-PAN In circumstances that are considered to be grave but do not require immediate assistance and where there is no imminent danger to the vessel or persons on board, e.g. mechanical failure, loss of propulsion, a “PAN-PAN” Urgency Broadcast should be made on VHF Channel 16 with the unit set to high power in the following format: “MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, This is ‘NAME OF VESSEL’, ‘NAME OF VESSEL’, ‘NAME OF VESSEL’ (State the name of the vessel three times) “PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN, ALL STATIONS, ALL STATIONS, ALL STATIONS, THIS IS ‘NAME OF VESSEL’, ‘NAME OF VESSEL’, ‘NAME OF VESSEL’. (State the vessels name three times) STATE THE POSITION OF THE VESSEL. (If possible give the position from a GPS receiver or bearings from and distance to any known fixed points e.g. “Position one mile South of Fastnet Lighthouse”) STATE THE NATURE OF THE URGENCY. (e.g. Vessel adrift, mechanical failure) STATE THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ABOARD. ASSISTANCE REQUIRED AND ANY FURTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION. OVER”. Guidance on VHF Distress Alert Procedures ![Figure from page 172](assets/p172-f02.webp) *Figure from page 172* Lift Distress Button Cover If VHF has DSC function Press VHF DSC Distress Button(For more than 3 seconds) Until acoustic and light indication are steady If VHF does not have DSC function commence voice procedures Use the VHF Push to Talk Handset for Voice Calling On Channel 16 Attention is also drawn to Appendix 2 of Marine Notice No. 61 of 2020 which contains further Guidance on VHF Distress Alert Procedures. The detail of Appendix 2 is set out on this page. NAME of VESSEL in Distress CALLSIGN EI __ __ __ __ (Or) MMSI 250__ __ __ __ __ __ Given as Latitude and Longitude. If latitude and longitude are not known, or if time is insufficient, give position in relation to a known geographical location NATURE of Distress PERSONS On-Board Any Other Useful INFORMATION (Kind of Assistance Required) ### 11.2.3 Use of Handheld VHF Radios *Pages 173–173* 11.2 Types of radio distress calls All information will be displayed on any receiving sets’ display panel. Transmitting and receiving sets will switch to Channel 16 to allow further information to be transmitted, e.g. spoken MAYDAY message, nature of emergency, etc. The advent of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) has brought about a number of changes in the manner and procedure in which distress calls from craft are initiated. 11.2.2 Non-Automated Calling VHF sets without DSC must rely on the traditional format of broadcast on Channel 16 for making a MAYDAY call. Ensure the set is selected to Channel 16 and that it is transmitting at its full power. Modern VHF radios are fitted with a Digital Selective Calling (DSC) facility whereby a distress call is activated by pressing a dedicated switch on the radio. This system transmits an all station call on Channel 70. The MAYDAY broadcast format as described on page 158 should be used. For non-DSC radios, Channel 16 remains the listening channel for distress calls. 11.2.3 Use of Handheld VHF Radios Therefore there are two possible scenarios: Portable VHF radio equipment can be used on small boats particularly where it is impracticable to install a fixed VHF radio. This equipment should be licensed and issued with a radio call sign. 11.2.1 Automated Calling This only works on DSC radio sets. The operator initiates an all station call by simply uncovering and pushing the red SOS switch on the radio’s panel. This will transmit the Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) code - a series of 9 digits without any further action required by the crew. The portable VHF will only be licensed for use on a boat for communications with coast stations, harbour authorities, marinas and other boats - it should not be used on land. In addition to the MMSI code, if interfaced with a GPS, it can also give a boat’s position and possibly the type of emergency (depending on settings). ### 11.3 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBS) *Pages 174–174* 11.3 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBS) ![Figure from page 174](assets/p174-f02.webp) *Figure from page 174* Emergency Procedures There is one model of Distress Beacon - the ‘406 MHz’. 406 beacon This is a digital signal and covers the entire globe. 406 beacons have a unique identification code which is part of its signal. When properly registered, the unique code provides information about the boat carrying the beacon. This includes the owner’s emergency contact and the country of registration. The 406 signal may be received within seconds by geostationary satellites. False alarms from digital 406 MHz beacons can be resolved with a phone call as these devices transmit an identity code that can be crossreferenced with an ownership database. NOTE: See section 1.2.12.1 for further information regarding EPIRBs and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs). A PLB is a personal life-saving appliance that can be attached to or form part of your personal flotation device. It operates similarly to an EPIRB by sending a message to the Search and Rescue (SAR) emergency services via satellite. The registration of an EPIRB may be completed online on the Irish Maritime Radio Licence System (IMRAD). The IMRAD website contains guidance information, Frequently Asked Questions and other useful documents. See www. irishmaritimeradiolicencesystem.gov. ie. ### 11.4 Marine VHF Communications Network *Pages 175–175* 11.4 Marine VHF Communications Network IRISH COAST GUARD MARINE VHF COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK | Checklist of Basic Requirements and Advice • Wear a Lifejacket • Check the Weather and Tides • Pre-Departure Safety Checks • Designated Person Ashore • VHF primary means of communication • Phone in watertight pouch See Gov.ie-Safety on the Water to learn more | | Malin Head Coast Guard Radio VHF Channel 16 is for Distress Safety VHF Channel 16, 67, 05, DSC 70 and Calling DSC Channel 70 is for DSC Distress Alerting | VHF Channel 16 is for Distress Safety and Calling DSC Channel 70 is for DSC Distress Alerting | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | primary means of communication ne in watertight pouch ety on the Water to learn more | | Malin Head MR | | | SC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Glen Head VHF Channe | Coast Guard Radio l 16, 67, 03, DSC 70 | | Malin Head Coast Guard VHF Channel 16 and Local for Lough Swilly and L | | | Radio 01 ough Foyle | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Donegal Bay VHF Channe | Coast Guard Radio l 16, 67, 02, DSC 70 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Belmullet VHF Chann | Coast Guard Radio el 16, 67, 63, DSC 70 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Clew Bay C VHF Channel | oast Guard Radio 16, 67, 05, DSC 70 | | | | | | | | | | | Carlingford Coast Gua VHF Channel 16, 67, 0 | | rd Radio 4, DSC 70 | | Clifden Co VHF Channel | ast Guard Radio 16, 67, 03, DSC 70 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dublin Coast Guard VHF Channel 16, 67, 0 | | Radio 3, DSC 70 | | Galway C VHF Chann | oast Guard Radio el 16, 67, 04, DSC 70 | | | | | | | | | | | Dublin MR | | CC | | | | | | | | | | Shannon VHF Chann | Coast Guard Radio el 16, 67, 64, DSC 70 | | | | | | | | | | | Wicklow Head Coast G VHF Channel 16, 67, 0 | | uard Radio 2, DSC 70 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosslare Coast Guar VHF Channel 16, 67, 0 | | d Radio 5, DSC 70 | | Val | entia MRSC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mine Head Coast Gua VHF Channel 16, 67, 0 | | rd Radio 3, DSC 70 | | | | | | | | | | Valentia Co Guard Ra VHF Chann 67, 62, DSC | ast dio el 16, 70 | | | Cork Coast Guard VHF Channel 16, 67, 0 | | Radio 2, DSC 70 | ![Figure from page 175](assets/p175-f02.webp) *Figure from page 175* VHF Channel 16 ![Figure from page 175](assets/p175-t02.webp) *Figure from page 175* ![Figure from page 175](assets/p175-f03.webp) *Figure from page 175* Where necessary; vessels or persons in distress should use any means available to alert the Coast Guard and other vessels e.g. by activating an EPIRB and/or PLB, phoning for assistance. If you are in distress or see someone in difficulty, dial 999 or 112 and ask for the Coast Guard. Marine Safety Information (Weather Forecasts) broadcast at 0103, 0403, 0703, 1003, 1303, 1603, 1903, 2203 on Working Channels. Dublin Controlled Radio Stations Valentia Controlled Radio Stations ### 11.5 Automatic Identification System (AIS) *Pages 176–176* Irish Search and Rescue Region Emergency Procedures 11.5 Automatic Identification System (AIS) must also carry AIS. It is important to note that there may still be a large number of vessels not fitted with AIS. It is a useful identification tool but should not be used as a means of collision avoidance as not all vessels are required to carry AIS. Another useful AIS feature is that navigation aids such as buoys and lighthouses are increasingly being fitted with AIS transponders to assist with identification. AIS Search And Rescue Transponders (SART) are also available that can assist in locating a casualty in a Search and Rescue situation. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is an automatic tracking system used on ships and by vessel traffic services (VTS) for identifying and locating vessels by electronically exchanging data. AIS has been widely adopted and can be a useful tool on board recreational vessels. It can assist in identifying larger vessels as all passenger ships must have AIS. All ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards engaged on international voyages, as well as cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards on domestic voyages, ### 11.6.1 1 Cold Water Shock *Pages 177–177* 11.6 Survival at sea 11.6.1 Cold Water Shock and Hypothermia Death by hypothermia or drowning presents the greatest risk to individuals who are forced to abandon their craft or who fall into the water. The ambient sea/water temperature can cause people to very quickly become cold and affect their ability to help themselves once in the water. When cold water (temperature under 15 degrees) makes contact with your skin, the cold shock response causes an immediate loss of breathing control, possible dizziness and panic. This dramatically increases the risk of sudden drowning even if the water is calm and you know how to swim. For those who survive this, but are unable to get out of the water, progressive body cooling leads to hypothermia and muscle cooling, making swimming more difficult or impossible. Children cool even faster than adults. ![Figure from page 177](assets/p177-f02.webp) *Figure from page 177* If you fall into cold water, avoid swimming, stay calm, try to relax and breathe normally. Swimming may give a feeling of warmth but it accelerates muscle cooling. Float or tread water while you catch your breath. To lessen heat escape, keep your legs together and elbows by your side. Follow the “Float to live” safety advice – see page 9. If you are not wearing a Personal Flotation Device or lifejacket, lay your head back with ears submerged. A properly fitted lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you gasp air. Once the cold shock has passed, try to get hold of something that will help you float and get as much of your body out of the water as possible. Once you are calm, call for help. After boarding a liferaft it is still possible to succumb to hypothermia. Individuals should take the necessary survival precautions. Survival at sea even for relatively short periods of time is dependent on suitable equipment, adequate preparation and knowledge of survival techniques. A number of recognised course providers offer a one day Basic Sea Survival Course (see Appendix 9 for details of course providers) covering both the theoretical and practical aspects of sea survival techniques. ### 11.6.1 2 Hypothermia *Pages 178–178* 11.6.1.1 Cold Water Shock 11.6.1.2 Hypothermia When you are immersed in water, the skin and limbs cool rapidly. Then the heart, brain and internal organs cool. Hypothermia occurs when deep body temperature drops by at least 2°C. The rate of onset will depend on water temperature and the protective measures you have taken to reduce body cooling. Body build, body fat, fitness level and types of clothing worn all affect the rate of onset. Emergency Procedures Signs and Symptoms: ▪Initial deep gasping ▪Uncontrollable rapid breathing, with possible dizziness and pins and needles ▪Panic ▪A large increase in both heart rate and blood pressure Dangers: ▪Inhalation of water ▪Drowning Signs and Symptoms: ▪Early dulling of sensation in hands ▪Stroke or heart attack and impaired muscle function Prevention: ▪Violent shivering with blueness around the lips ▪Use recognized ‘man overboard’ prevention equipment ▪Armpits very cold ▪Wear approved lifejackets ▪Muscle stiffness ▪Wear clothing with good insulating ▪Lethargy and disorientation and waterproofing properties ▪Slow and laboured breathing ▪Wear Immersion Suits (dry/wet) ▪Pulse weakens but difficult to feel ▪Hold on to some support and in any case because of cold do not attempt to swim until symptoms have subsided (approx. 2-3 minutes) Dangers: ▪Impaired sensation and muscle coordination may impair some early vital lifesaving actions involving hands ▪Exit the water as soon as possible Follow up: ▪Loss of consciousness ▪Monitor airway, breathing and circulation ▪Drowning ▪Prevent further loss of heat ▪Cardiac arrest ▪Protect from wind ▪Death ▪Get medical help Note: Do not assume a person is dead. They may only be in hibernation. ### 11.6.2 Choosing a Liferaft *Pages 179–180* Prevention/Retention of Heat in water: ▪Give warm sweet drinks if conscious, do not give alcohol. ▪Wear approved lifejackets. ▪Avoid rubbing the victim’s body. ▪Wear immersion suits over warm See Water Safety Ireland website, www.watersafety.ie, for more information. clothing. Wet suits provide extra buoyancy and reduce heat loss but dry suits are better for long-term survival. Note: If a person requires immediate medical attention, call the Coast Guard on VHF Channel 16 or ring 999 or 112. ▪To retain heat in water, avoid swimming if possible. Learn coldwater survival techniques (stay still with arms/elbows by sides and legs together – “HELP” (Heat Escape Lessening Position). 11.6.2 Choosing a Liferaft When selecting a liferaft, it is recommended that you seek advice from the chandler and be aware of what equipment is included. ▪Get out of water as soon as possible (life raft, upturned hull or any other refuge in air). Follow up: ORC Pack ▪Prevent further heat loss. ▪Bailer ▪Monitor airway, breathing and ▪Red Handheld Flares (3) circulation. ▪Sponges (2) ▪Move victim to shelter and lie flat. ▪Torch (with spare batteries and ▪Insulate body and especially the bulb) head. Warm with blankets and, if possible, your own body heat. While blankets help a person to retain body heat, they are not sufficient to treat hypothermia. It is vital that you warm the core of the body first or the cold blood will be forced towards the heart and may cause death. ▪Leak stoppers (set) ▪Pump ▪Repair kit ▪Paddles (2) ▪Safety Knife ▪Instruction leaflet ▪Sea anchor ▪Rescue quoit and line (30 m ▪Remove wet clothing if dry floating) replacements are available. If not, enclose body – except face – in large polythene bag or other waterproof material. It is recommended that additional equipment is carried in a suitable grab bag. World Sailing Pack ▪Torch (with spare batteries and bulb) ▪Seasickness tablets (6 per person) ▪Rescue line and quoit ▪Safety knife ▪Sea anchor (2) ▪First Aid kit ▪Sick bag (1 per person) ▪Whistle ▪Red parachute flares (2) ▪Red handheld flares (3) ▪Buoyant orange smoke ▪Heliograph ▪Radar reflector ▪Thermal Protective Aids (survival ▪Bailer Emergency Procedures ▪Thermal protective aids (survival bags) (2) ▪Seasickness pills (min of 6 per person) ▪Seasickness bags (min of 1 per person) ▪Sea survival instructions ▪Red Handheld Flares (3) ▪First Aid kit (including water to help take pills) ▪Sponges (1 per person) ▪Torches (2 sealed for life) ▪Leak stoppers (set) bags) (2) ▪Signal mirror ▪Pump SOLAS A Pack As SOLAS B Pack plus: ▪Repair kit ▪Buoyant paddles (2) ▪Fishing kit ▪Signal card ▪Additional red parachute flares (2) ▪Whistle ▪Additional red handheld flares (3) ▪Safety knife ▪Additional buoyant orange smoke ▪Sea anchor ▪Water (0.5 litre per person) ▪‘Wet’ notebook and pencil ▪Graduated drinking vessel ▪Rescue quoit and line (30 m floating) ▪Rations (10,000 kilojoules per person; non thirst provoking) SOLAS B Pack ▪Tin-opener ▪Bailer There are a number of essential points to consider when selecting a liferaft: ▪Sponges (2) ▪Leak stoppers (set) ▪Pump ▪Two Compartment Buoyancy ▪Repair kit Chambers – allows one chamber to be damaged without compromising the buoyancy of the raft. ▪Buoyant paddles (2) ▪Signal card ▪Instruction leaflets ### 11.6.3 Abandoning Ship *Pages 181–181* 11.6.3 Abandoning Ship ▪Canopy – protects the crew from the elements, reduces risk of exposure and improves the chances of the raft avoiding total inversion if capsized by a wave or inflating upside down. The decision to abandon a ship should only be taken if absolutely necessary. Often a damaged or incapacitated boat will, even in adverse weather conditions, offer greater protection to a crew than entering the water or deploying a liferaft. ▪Inflatable Floor – offers improved insulation against the cold. ▪Sea Anchor - offers relative stability to the raft in the sea. The decision to abandon a ship must be made taking into consideration a number of factors: ▪Boarding Aid – offers essential assistance to a fully clothed person attempting to enter a liferaft from the water. ▪Condition of the boat, propulsion and power capabilities. Liferafts require regular servicing by trained personnel and at intervals laid down by their manufacturer, which should always be adhered to. ▪Internal flooding. ▪Bilge Pumping capacities and capabilities. ▪Weather conditions. ![Figure from page 181](assets/p181-f02.webp) *Figure from page 181* ▪Communications with rescue facilities. ▪Physical condition of crew. If abandoning a craft to a liferaft, the following points should be adhered to: ▪Be familiar with the correct method of launching. Read the instructions before departure and ensure other crew are familiar with the location of the liferaft and the means of deployment. Liferafts should be stowed on board in a location where they can be rapidly deployed. They can be stowed either on deck or in a locker opening directly onto the deck. If stowed on deck, the storage should be able to withstand heavy weather. All liferafts rely on the attachment of their painter to a suitable strong point on board in order to initiate the inflation procedure. ▪For offshore cruising: Category A and B should have a suitably equipped Grab Bag which can be transferred to the liferaft. ▪Before launching the liferaft, check the water in the launching area is clear of people and obstructions. ### 11.6.4 Survival in the water *Pages 182–182* ▪Wait until the liferaft is fully ▪Remain in the vicinity of the last inflated before attempting to board. Do not jump onto the canopy. Avoid the raft chafing against the craft that is being abandoned. position given prior to abandoning ship. 11.6.4 Survival in the water In the event of a liferaft not being available, the following applies: ▪If at all possible, board the raft without entering the water in order to reduce the effects of the cold. ▪Ensure additional layers of clothing are worn prior to entering the water. ▪If it is not possible to board the ▪Wear a hat and if possible cover liferaft without entering the water, choose a suitable place to leave the boat while taking account of the sea state and drift of the boat. Remember, liferafts can drift much faster than most people can swim. the extremities of the body, e.g. fingers, toes and face. ▪Do not jump into the sea. Use an overside ladder if available. Avoid obstructions in the water adjacent to the hull. It may be preferable to abandon from either the bow or stern rather than amidships. ▪Wear additional layers of clothing, including head gear, as this prevents heat loss from the body. A suitable PFD/lifejacket should be worn at all times. ![Figure from page 182](assets/p182-f02.webp) *Figure from page 182* ▪Do not remain in the water longer than is necessary. Once all crew are in the liferaft: ▪The craft should be cut free. ▪Manoeuvre clear of the craft or any obstructions. ▪Deploy the sea anchor. ▪Close all entrances to conserve heat. ▪Issue sea sickness tablets. ▪Post a lookout. ▪Maintain the liferaft - inflate the floor, bale out any water, check for leaks, ventilate by maintaining a small opening. ▪Avoid unnecessary swimming in order to conserve energy and body heat. ### 11.7.1 Recovery of man overboard *Pages 183–185* ▪If possible, form a group with ▪Deploy a lifebuoy, throw bag, other survivors to increase visibility for rescuers. rescue quoit, etc. ▪Appoint a crewmember to ▪Activate the PFD/lifejacket light maintain visual contact with the individual in the water at all times regardless of the boat’s manoeuvres. and use the whistle attached to attract attention. 11.7 Man overboard and recovery procedures 11.7.1 Recovery of man overboard ▪Depending on the type of craft, exercise the required manoeuvre as described in the following section. The loss of a person overboard presents a serious challenge to those remaining on board who have to safely position the vessel adjacent to the individual in the water and recover the person back on board. Vessels should have a suitable means of re-boarding fitted such as a boarding ladder. ▪Issue MAYDAY and call the Coast Guard on VHF Channel 16. Position the person adjacent to the boat and, if the person is physically capable, re-board by means of a suitable boarding ladder or swimming platform. The situation can be even more traumatic if the skipper is lost and an inexperienced crew are on board. On losing a crew member overboard, other crew should undertake the following actions: ![Figure from page 183](assets/p183-f01.webp) *Figure from page 183* For an exhausted or injured crewmember, external means of recovery will be required, such as: ▪Dedicated recovery sling under the arms of the individual, using halyards/winches, boom, etc. to provide leverage. ▪Use of victim’s safety harness or PFD/lifejacket fitted with integral harness. On boats with outboard engines, the engine may be used as an impromptu ladder to re-board, provided the engine is shut down. ▪Use of a sail deployed over the side as a scoop and recovered using the boats running rigging. Emergency Procedures ▪Use of an inflatable tender, partially deflated to recover the individual from the sea. Falling into cold water will result in a gasp reflex causing uncontrolled breathing, panic and cardiac stress. A lifejacket will keep your head above water, ensuring you breathe in air. ▪Launch the liferaft and have the victim recovered into it. ▪On Inflatables, one tube may be partially deflated to aid recovery of an injured or unconscious person. Be aware of the dangers of hypothermia affecting persons who have been immersed in the sea for a period of time. Ensure the casualty is kept dry and warm. Alcohol should not be given to the person. Note the advice in section 11.6.1 of this Code. Many boats are equipped with a bathing platform at the stern which facilitates recovery of persons from the water. Emergency Procedures ### 11.7.2 2 Craft with an engine *Pages 186–187* 11.7.2 Manoeuvring boat to aid recovery of man overboard 11.7.2.2 Craft with an engine To stay as close to the person in the water as possible: 11.7.2.1 Craft without an engine A simple way to recover is to: 1. Come up to wind and tack, leaving headsail cleated so that boat stops hove to (yachts). 1. Put the craft into an “apparent” beam reach (burgee across the craft). Allow yourself some sea room to manoeuvre and get yourself organised to recover the person from the water. 2. Throw a heaving line to the person in the water if in range, and haul alongside. 2. Tack and sail on the opposite beam reach (person in water now on weather bow). 3. If not within heaving line range: - start the engine - lower or furl the headsail 3. Approach on a close reach, easing the sheets in the final stages. Leeway will increase as you slow down - allow for this. - sheet the main sail amidships. Ensure there are no lines or sheets lying loose on deck or overside that could foul the propeller. 4. In a larger craft, it is easier to come alongside to windward of the person in the water and make the recovery over the leeward side. 4. Motor to leeward of the person in the water and approach the person head to wind. 5. In a dinghy, come alongside to the leeward of the person in the water and make the recovery by the weather shroud. ![Figure from page 186](assets/p186-f02.webp) *Figure from page 186* ![Figure from page 186](assets/p186-f03.webp) *Figure from page 186* ![Figure from page 187](assets/p187-f02.webp) *Figure from page 187* Other turning manoeuvres 1. If you can see the person in the water clearly, a simple sight 180 degree turn is the quickest. should proceed slowly with a good lookout as the casualty will be directly ahead of you. 3. In heavy weather, the reciprocal course may bring the sea astern, in which case a short approach head to sea may be more appropriate once the turn has been completed. 2. If you lose sight of the casualty, due to poor visibility or heavy weather and sea state, the “Williamson Turn” is a good way to get to a reciprocal course which will take you back down your track. From the moment the skipper is aware of a “man overboard” situation, put the helm to starboard and adopt a course of “original course + 60 degrees”. Then put the helm immediately to port until the vessel has completed a turn which brings the compass reading to “original course plus or minus 180 degrees”. This will put you on a reciprocal course where you 4. Do not waste time while the craft is turning to approach the person in the water. Prepare for the recovery as it is too late when the person is alongside. -Which side will you approach? -Have a heaving line ready. -Wear a PFD/lifejacket and lifeline; if you don’t, you may get pulled on top of the person in the water. ### 11.8 Emergency towing – receiving or giving a tow *Pages 188–189* 5. The initial approach to the person in the water will vary depending on weather/sea conditions and the type of boat. Let the weather help rather than hinder. Stop upwind and drift down. ▪Use the most substantial and longest line available to you. Join several together using a bowline if necessary. ▪Use a light heaving line as the first line to be transferred between boats. The heavier towline can be passed across using this line. 6. If you are concerned about drifting onto the person in the water, bring your stern into the wind. If you are not confident with your boat handling skills or if it looks likely that the boat could come down on top of the person in the water, throw them the heaving line and pull them alongside to a position that is a safe place for recovery. ▪The boat offering the tow must take care not to foul its own propeller when transferring a tow line, or come in contact with the disabled boat. ▪A towline can be floated downstream to a disabled craft using a fender. ▪Both craft should use a towing bridle to secure the towline. Ensure the load is spread over several cleats or strong points on deck such as winches to distribute the load and allow for efficient steering. Please note that some cleats are not designed for towing and may present a projectile hazard when they come under load, hence the use of several cleats is recommended as shown in picture. 7. Ensure the propeller is not turning when you are alongside the person in the water. 11.8 Emergency towing – receiving or giving a tow Towing should be undertaken with preparation and care by all parties involved in the operation. If assistance is being offered by rescue boats, always follow the instructions of the coxswain or helm as to how to take the line and secure it on board. ▪Ensure an agreed means of communications is established, either by VHF or hand signals. In all other circumstances, the following should be observed: ▪The towing boat should slowly commence to get underway. Speed should be adjusted to suit the vessel being towed and local sea conditions. ▪All crew working on deck must wear a suitable PFD/lifejacket. ▪Consider the use of lifelines and ▪In open water, it is generally best safety harnesses if weather and sea state require them. to tow in line astern. However in sheltered waters and approaching effect of its own propeller, and controllability through its rudder, which is prevented if the towed boat is positioned aft of the tugs rudder position. If the towed boat is too far aft, the combination of tug and tow can become quite un-manoeuvrable with the two only wishing to alter course in the direction upon which the towed vessel is made fast. channels and berths, it is possibly beneficial to change to an alongside tow to allow ease of berthing etc. ▪The towed craft should be positioned slightly forward of amidships of the towing craft and adjusted by means of springs and breast ropes. This allows the towing craft better positioning through the paddlewheel ### 11.9 Helicopter rescue procedures *Pages 190–190* 11.9 Helicopter rescue procedures you to steer. Generally boats will maintain a course to give the wind at 30 degree to the Port Bow. The preferred area to conduct winching operations is normally the port quarter. This affords the pilot visual contact with both the boat and the winchman. In the event of a helicopter rescue situation, the following points should be noted and followed: ▪Prepare well in advance of the arrival of the helicopter; ensure crew are well briefed on correct procedures. ▪A sailing yacht may be steadier motor sailing with a reefed sail. It stops the mast swirling around, making it easier for the winchman to land on board. However, every opportunity should be utilised to discuss the best approach with the helicopter crew before the helicopter gets close to the vessel, including consideration of the potential impact of downdraft. ▪Clear all obstructions on deck prior to the arrival of the helicopter. Ensure there are no items of loose or moveable gear on deck. ▪Be prepared for the helicopter downdraft which can be strong enough to knock a crew member off their feet or cause a leeway effect on small craft. ▪Due to the risk of static build-up from a hovering helicopter, follow the pilot’s instructions exactly with regard to the earthing of a static discharge wire prior to placing the winchman on board. The wire is usually dropped into the sea to discharge static prior to commencing the operation. ▪All operations will be directed by the crew of the helicopter – follow all instructions. ▪Liaise with the helicopter before it nears the vessel due to the noise of the helicopter and the potential impact of downdraft when the helicopter is operating with or adjacent to the vessel. ▪Under no circumstances should the winch line be made fast at any time to the boat. ▪Do not be distracted by the noise of the helicopter overhead. It may be necessary to have a crewmember positioned inside the boat to maintain radio communications with the helicopter due to the excessive noise on the outside decks. ▪On arrival of the winchman on board, that person will assume command of all subsequent operations. Follow the instruction given at all times. ▪Do not fire parachute flares when a helicopter is operating in the vicinity. ▪The pilot will give specific instructions regarding the course and direction he/she may wish ### 11.10 Flares *Pages 191–191* 11.10 Flares ▪Rocket parachute flares can reach a height of 300 metres and are used for longer range attention seeking. Flares are an effective way to signal passing aircraft and nearby boats that a vessel is in trouble and requires assistance. ![Figure from page 191](assets/p191-f02.webp) *Figure from page 191* There are three types of flares used as distress signals: ▪Red handheld flares are for night- time use and can be seen up to 10 km away. ![Figure from page 191](assets/p191-f03.webp) *Figure from page 191* Flares will burn for about one minute, so only use when other boats and planes are in the area. White flares are available for the purpose of attracting attention or marking a position by a boat. ![Figure from page 191](assets/p191-f04.webp) *Figure from page 191* ▪Orange smoke flares are for day use only and can be seen up to 4 km away on a clear day. They can be either handheld or buoyant cartridge type. ![Figure from page 191](assets/p191-f05.webp) *Figure from page 191* Flares are explosives and should be treated with care. Store in a waterproof container. They should always be within their expiry date. Everyone on board should know where the flares are stored and how to use them. ### 11.10.1 Disposal of expired pyrotechnics *Pages 192–192* Operating Instructions are printed on all flares - always read them prior to firing! Emergency Procedures Do not operate flares when a Rescue Helicopter is in the immediate vicinity - always follow the pilot’s instructions. 3 4 11.10.1 Disposal of expired pyrotechnics leisure market in this country are of SOLAS standard. Expiry dates are generally 3 years from the date of manufacture. Flares should be replaced prior to the expiry date as the chemical components used in flares degrade over time and variations in temperature and humidity can accelerate this process. Pyrotechnic expiry dates Flares have clearly marked instructions for use and expiry dates printed on the packaging. The expiry dates printed on pyrotechnics (flares) are determined by the required performance of the distress signals as set by marine approval bodies. Out of date flares may look acceptable to the naked eye. However: SOLAS standards are used to regulate the quality and performance of distress signals for use on commercial vessels. Recreational craft are not required by law to carry SOLAS approved flares. However, most products supplied for the ▪they can burn at a lower brightness (candela), ▪the colour of the flare can fade, ▪the burn time can lengthen which could be a fire hazard, ### 11.11 Mobile Devices *Pages 193–268* ▪for rockets, the ejection height ▪Misfired or faulty pyrotechnics and flight stability may be affected, should not be returned with TEPs. Where pyrotechnics are suspected of being in a dangerous condition, the Gardaí should be notified. ▪red flares can fade and therefore may not be recognised as a distress signal. ▪TEPs should be contained in a paper or plastic bag which in turn should be stored in a strong cardboard box. Expiry dates are set to ensure that pyrotechnics will still perform to the stringent specified quality standards at the end of their official lifetime. The life of the product allows for a performance safety margin so that even if storage conditions are not optimum, the distress signals will still meet the approval bodies’ performance specifications. ▪When transporting TEPs, packages must be securely stowed to prevent movement during transport. No matches or other goods should be carried in the vehicle. ▪There should be no smoking when handling or transporting TEPs. In date flares should be stored on board in a waterproof, buoyant container. Any queries concerning TEPs should be addressed to the Marine Survey Office at email MSO@transport.gov.ie. Safe disposal Out of date flares must be disposed of carefully. Marine Notices are issued from time to time in relation to the safe disposal of time expired pyrotechnics (TEPs), for example Marine Notice No. 13 of 2000 as amended in September 2022. Individuals or organisations may bring TEPSs to certain chandlers, as listed in the Marine Notice, noting the following points: 11.11 Mobile Devices A mobile phone should not be relied on as the primary method of contacting the emergency services. Having said that, it is recommended that all vessels operating on inland lakes and waterways as well as in coastal waters carry a fully charged mobile phone contained in a watertight storage bag or casing. The mobile phone should at all times be fully charged and the signal strength and the charge indicator of the mobile phone should be regularly checked while the vessel is under way. ▪Expired pyrotechnics should be handled with due care and diligence. Avoid any action that might cause fire or explosion. Appendices Appendix 1 While the complete rulebook forms a large and detailed publication, there are a number of condensed versions available specifically tailored for the recreational boat user. Recreational craft operators should familiarise themselves with some of the rules and regulations so there will be no hesitation on their part, when a possible risk of collision arises. The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) ▪Collision avoidance rules ▪Navigation lights ▪Sound signals ▪Distress signals ▪Life Saving signals ▪As a general rule, power gives way to sail. But sailors must be reasonable - don’t expect large, less manoeuvrable vessels under power to give way. The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, COLREGs, govern the interaction of vessels on the water, and apply to all recreational craft at sea and on waters navigable by sea-going vessels. The Regulations also apply to sections of our inland waterways. ▪All small craft should give large vessels a wide berth. ▪In narrow channels, keep to the right (starboard). If plenty of distance separates two passing boats, there is no need to deliberately alter course to pass to the right of the other boat. The Regulations govern the following: ▪Response of vessel in any ▪In a head-on approach to another condition of visibility. boat, always alter course to the right (starboard) and never to the left (port). ▪Response of vessels in sight of one another. ▪Conduct of vessels in restricted ▪When two boats are crossing, the visibility. boat on your right (starboard) has the right of way – you should keep clear, by either altering course or slowing down, to pass astern of the other vessel. ▪Light and shapes to be carried by various craft. ▪Sound and light signals between craft. ▪If you have the right of way, be ▪Positioning of lights and shapes on predictable – keep your course and speed consistent. board. ▪Frequencies of sound signals. ▪Don’t push your luck by forcing ▪Distress signals. your ‘right of way’. You should do whatever is necessary to avoid a collision. ▪In crowded areas such as ▪a vessel of less than 20 metres approaches to jetties, marinas and moorings, be aware of other vessels manoeuvring as very often their movements can be unpredictable. in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway. ▪Maintain a proper lookout at all ▪a vessel engaged in fishing shall times and in all directions. Craft under sail should regularly check the area ”below” or to lee of them where visibility is obstructed by the vessels sails. not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway. ▪a vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel that can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. ▪Craft should at all times proceed at a safe speed, considering weather conditions, traffic density, visibility, depth of available water and the crafts manoeuvring qualities. ▪in a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in the Rules. Collision Prevention A number of the collision prevention rules are included below. Narrow channels – Rule 9 Rule 9 sets out requirements in relation to the navigation of narrow channels. This is particularly important in river estuaries and narrow buoyed channels that are frequented by both large commercial vessels and recreational craft. Among the requirements are the following: ▪a vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate prescribed signal. ▪a vessel shall avoid anchoring in a narrow channel. ▪a vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable. Sailing Vessels – Rule 12 When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, and at risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows: i. When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel that has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other. This is commonly known as the starboard rule. ii. When both vessels have the wind on the same side, the vessel that is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel that is to leeward. That is the boat closest to the wind keeps out of the way of the other. iii. If a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or the starboard side, it shall keep out of the way of the other. For the purpose of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried. Rules 16 and 17 concern actions by give-way and stand-on vessels respectively. In summary, the give-way vessel shall take early and substantial action to keep well clear; the stand-on vessel shall keep its course and speed but may take action to avoid collision if the give way vessel is not acting correctly. Head-on Situations – Rule 14 (a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses and at risk of collision, each shall alter its course to starboard and pass on the port side of the other. Appendix (b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead, and by night can see the masthead lights of the other in line or nearly in line and/ or both sidelights, and by day can observe the corresponding aspect of the other vessel. ![Figure from page 198](assets/p198-f01.webp) *Figure from page 198* (c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists it shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly. Navigation Lights Navigation lights must be displayed on boats operating between sunset and sunrise and must also be used in daylight hours during periods of restricted visibility. The types of light required are determined by the boat type and their activity. They indicate the length of boat, the direction of travel or if they are anchored. Note: For sailing vessels see Rule 12. Rule 20 of the Collision Regulations requires that lights prescribed shall, if carried, be exhibited from sunset to sunrise and from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility, and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary. Crossing Situations – Rule 15 When two power-driven vessels are crossing and at risk of collision, the vessel that has the other on its starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if circumstances permit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel. Rule 21 provides definitions of Rule 22 provides for lights to be visible at minimum ranges on a dark night with a clear atmosphere. These are summarised in the following Table. Table - Visibility of Vessel Lights Minimum light visibility (nm) for vessel length (m) (White, red, yellow, green). | | 50 m and greater | Between 12 m and 50 m | Less than 12 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Masthead | 6 nm | 5 nm* | 2 nm | | Sidelight | 3 nm | 2 nm | 1 nm | | Stern light | 3 nm | 2 nm | 2 nm | | Towing light | 3 nm | 2 nm | 2 nm | | All round light | 3 nm | 2 nm | 2 nm | *Where the length of the ship is 12 m or greater, but less than 20 m, the masthead light visibility is 3 nm. Light Combinations The term “under way” in relation to a vessel is used to describe a vessel that is not at anchor or made fast to the shore or aground. D. Power driven vessels under way shall carry a masthead light forward and a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length may, but is not obliged, to carry the second light. Vessels underway shall carry sidelights and a stern light. (From a big ship mariner’s point of view on the high seas, the vertical configuration for smaller craft needs to be considered as it lessens the possibility of obstruction by sails or the sea when the vessel is heeled. In harbours or off the coast with background lights, this configuration can sometimes lead to confusion). A. A sailing vessel under way shall exhibit sidelights and a stern light. B. Sailing vessels may, in addition, carry an all-round red light above a green light. E. Power driven vessels of less C. A sailing vessel of less than 20 than 12 metres in length may, in lieu of lights as in (A) carry an all-round white light and sidelights; the latter may be combined in one lantern. metres in length may combine sidelights and stern lights in a tricolour masthead light (but not with vertical lights as in B above). F. A vessel at anchor shall carry H. A vessel not under command one all-round white light in the fore part of the vessel and a second light at or near the stern and at a lower level than the forward light, except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length is not required to carry the second light. A vessel of less than 7 metres in length is not required to show anchor lights unless in or near a narrow channel, fairway or anchorage. shall exhibit two all-round red lights and two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line and, if making way through the water, sidelights and/or stern light. I. A vessel restricted in its ability to manoeuvre shall exhibit three all-round lights in a vertical line. The highest and lowest lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white. If making way through the water, sidelights, masthead lights and a stern light shall also be shown. G. A vessel aground shall show two all-round red lights in a vertical line and three balls in a vertical line in addition to anchor lights. J. A vessel trawling for fish shall L. A vessel, when towing, shall exhibit two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green, the lower white and in addition, when making way through the water, side lights and a stern light. exhibit two masthead lights in a vertical line (three if the tow exceeds 200 m), sidelights, a stern light and a towing light in a vertical line above the stern light. Rule 28 A vessel constrained by draught may exhibit three vertical allround red lights in a vertical line or a cylinder in addition to the navigation lights prescribed for power-driven vessels in Rule 23. K. A vessel, when fishing other than trawling, shall exhibit two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red, the lower white and, when making way through the water, sidelights and a stern light. ![Figure from page 202](assets/p202-f02.webp) *Figure from page 202* Sound Signals Sound signals may be used to indicate a vessel’s position or movement at night or in restricted visibility by day. You may never need to use sound signals but you should be able to recognise their meanings. There are a number of definitions that operators should be familiar with as follows: ‘I am altering my course to starboard.’ (Single short blast) ‘I am altering my course to port.’ (Two short blasts) ‘I am operating astern propulsion.’ (Three short blasts) Whistle - Any sound signalling appliance capable of making ‘short’ or ‘prolonged’ blasts. ![Figure from page 203](assets/p203-f02.webp) *Figure from page 203* ‘Make your intentions clear.’ (Five short blasts) Vessels in a narrow Channel should signal their intentions using the following: ‘I intend to overtake you on your starboard side.’ (Two prolonged and one short blast). Short blast – a sound blast of about 1 second duration Prolonged blast – a sound blast of 4 to 6 seconds duration ‘I intend to overtake you on your port side.’ (Two prolonged and two short blasts) Manoeuvring and warning signals – Rule 34 Craft that are within sight of each other may signal their manoeuvring intentions by the following sound signals (Whistle signals may also be supplemented by light signals using the same code): Response of vessel about to be overtaken indicating its agreement. (One prolonged, one short, one prolonged and one short blast). Table: Sound signals for vessels in restricted visibility, day and night – Rule 35 Appendix | Category of vessel | Interval | Signal | | --- | --- | --- | | Power driven under way, making way | Not more than 2 minutes | | | Power-driven under way, stopped and making no way through water | Not more than 2 minutes | | | Not under command | Not more than 2 minutes | | | Restricted manoeuvring, constrained by draught | Not more than 2 minutes | | | Sailing vessel (not using power) | Not more than 2 minutes | | | Vessel engaged in fishing | Not more than 2 minutes | | | Vessel towing or pushing another vessel (If not rigidly connected) | Not more than 2 minutes | | | A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed, the last vessel of the tow, if manned | Not more than 2 minutes | | | Pilot vessel on duty – gives appropriate signals as above and may sound an identity signal H, i.e. 4 short blasts | | | | Vessel at anchor (under 100 m length) bell | 5 seconds at intervals of not more than one minute | | | Vessel at anchor (length of 100 m or more) bell, 5 secs/min followed by gong from aft, 5 secs/min | | | | Category of vessel | Interval | Signal | | --- | --- | --- | | Vessel at anchor may give warning to approaching vessel, if possibility of collision | | | | Vessel aground: as at anchor preceded and followed by 3 distinct bell strokes | | | | Vessel less than 12 metres in length may make the appropriate signals given above but, if it does not, must make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes | | | Signals to Attract Attention – Rule 36 When vessels are in sight of each other and there is some doubt as to the intentions or actions of the other, or there is some doubt as to whether sufficient action is being taken to avoid collision, the vessel in doubt should indicate by giving at least 5 short and rapid blasts on the whistle. This may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five short and rapid flashes. If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel, any vessel may make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal authorised elsewhere in the Collision Regulations, or may direct the beam of its searchlight in the direction of the danger, in such a way as not to embarrass any vessel. Any light to attract the attention of another vessel shall be such that it cannot be mistaken for any aid to navigation. For the purpose of this Rule, the use of high intensity intermittent or revolving lights, such as strobe lights, shall be avoided. A vessel nearing a blind bend in a channel or fairway shall sound one prolonged blast. A vessel on the other side of the bend answers with a similar prolonged blast. Note: In the context of Rule 36, acceptance of the use of a white hand-held flare is implied. Distress Signals – Rule 37 Rule 37 refers to distress signals. The following are internationally recognised signals to indicate distress and the need for assistance: ▪The International Code Signal of Distress indicated by N.C. (November, Charlie). ▪Radiotelephone alarm signal. ▪Signalling by radio telegraphy or by any other method consisting of the group SOS (●●● . . . ●●●) in the Morse Code. ▪Red Rocket Parachute or hand- held flare. ▪Signals sent by radio telephony ▪A signal consisting of a square flag consisting of the spoken word MAYDAY said 3 times. having above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball. ▪The continuous sounding of any ▪A gun or other explosive signal fog signalling apparatus. fired at intervals of about a minute. ▪Signals transmitted by a distress beacon (an Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon – EPIRB). ▪Rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals. ▪Orange coloured smoke signal. ▪Slowly and repeatedly raising and ▪Flames on a vessel – e.g. from a lowering outstretched arms to each side. burning tar or oil barrel. ▪Approved signals transmitted by ▪A ship-to-shore distress alert radio communication systems, including survival craft radar transponders. transmitted by the ship’s INMARSAT or other mobile satellite service provider ship earth station. Attention is drawn to the relevant sections of the International Code of Signals, the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual, Volume III and the following signals: ▪Signals transmitted by SART. ▪A distress alert by means of selective calling (DSC) transmitted on: (i) VHF channel 70, or (a) a piece of orange-coloured (ii) MF/HF on the frequencies 2187.5 kHz, 8414.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 12577 kHz or 16804.5 kHz. canvas with either a black square and circle or other appropriate symbol (for identification from the air); (b) a dye marker. Morse code signal by light. R T OR Flashing landing or navigation lights on and off twice. OR ➤ Rocking wings. ➤ Message Not Understood – Repeat. OR ➤ ➤ Drop a message. ➤ | ICAO/IMO Visual Signals | V | X | N Y | ➔ | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Message | Require assistance | Require medical assistance | No or negative Yes or affirmative | Proceeding in this direction | Note: Use International Code of Signal Appendix 2 GMDSS on a voluntary basis. To voluntarily participate in the GMDSS and voluntarily install GMDSS marine band operating radio equipment on board a recreational craft, the vessel must obtain a ship radio licence which allows the licenced vessel to operate without causing interference on maritime radio frequencies. The licence details the frequency bands on which the vessel’s radio or radio navigational equipment may operate. Appendix Guidance notes on Radiocommunications Who Should Carry a VHF? The installation of marine radio transmitting equipment is voluntary for vessels such as recreational craft. However, it is recommended that all recreational craft capable of carrying either a fixed radio or portable VHF radio should do so. Are there licensing requirements? A Ship Radio Licence is required for any vessel fitted with a VHF Radio and a qualified marine radio operator must be on board the vessel to operate the radio equipment. What Certification is required to operate a VHF radio? It is a requirement for the issue of a ship radio licence that a qualified marine radio operator is on board to operate the radio equipment for the GMDSS sea area in which it is intended to operate. If the owner of a recreational craft installs marine band radio transmitting equipment on board, then the use of the radio spectrum (frequencies) by this radio transmitter requires a ship radio licence to ensure the installation complies with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations and Irish national legislation. Two types of marine radio operator certification are available for the majority of recreational craft in Ireland: ▪The Short Range Certificate (SRC) for recreational craft/vessels limited to operate in Sea Area A1, approximately within 30 nautical miles of a Very High Frequency (VHF), Digital Selective Calling (DSC) equipped coastal radio station. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) have established a worldwide system of radio communication for distress and safety, the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). The ITU and IMO have agreed that non- SOLAS vessels, such as recreational craft, may participate within the ▪The Long Range Certificate (LRC) for recreational craft operating beyond 30 nautical miles of a VHF DSC equipped coastal radio station. Irish Maritime Radio Licence System - IMRAD In accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations and the Wireless Telegraphy and Communications Regulation Acts, all vessels on which radiocommunications equipment of any type is installed, including handheld VHFs and EPIRBs, must have a Ship Radio Licence on board before the vessel proceeds to sea. Where to get Certification? Marine radio operator course providers organise courses country wide and further information on recognised course providers is available on the Department of Transport’s website www.seafarers.ie. The trained marine radio operator is competent to operate the onboard radio installation during distress and safety communication incidents without causing interference and is trained in the GMDSS relevant to the type of vessel on which they will operate. An online ship radio licence and EPIRB registration system is in place, which consolidates multiple information sources into a single database that is relied upon by the Irish Coast Guard to identify and contact vessels in the event of a distress alert. The Irish Maritime Radio Licence System (IMRAD) website https://www. irishmaritimeradiolicencesystem. gov.ie also includes related guidance information, FAQs, useful documents, User Guidance Videos and links to assist the application process. The marine radio operator course will provide the recreational craft owner with the knowledge of the GMDSS and marine radio operator practice and enable a person to make an informed decision regarding the marine radio equipment it may be appropriate to install on board their vessel on a voluntary basis. The ship radio licencing application process and other relevant information particular to Ireland are also part of the SRC or LRC course. When a Radio Licence application has been approved, a Radio Call Sign and Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number will be issued to the applicant for each individual licence. This uniquely identifies each vessel and its radio equipment. All marine band radio transmitting equipment must have its transmissions identified either using a radio callsign by voice or other electronic identity such as a Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI). The MMSI number must be programmed into any VHF DSC A Ship Radio Licence is available via the Irish Maritime Radio Licence System (IMRAD) and covers fixed set VHF Radios, Handheld Radio, EPIRBS and AIS systems that may be fitted to a vessel. (Regarding IMRAD, refer to Marine Notices Nos. 70 and 81 of 2022). What type of radiocommunications equipment should I install on recreational craft? If a recreational craft owner decides to participate in the GMDSS, they should fulfil the functional requirements that relate to the sea area of operation. A Marine Radio Operator Course will provide the recreational craft owner with the knowledge of the GMDSS to make an informed decision on the type of radio equipment to install. equipment or EPIRB, if fitted, by the installation engineer. Radio equipment programmed with the maritime identities (callsign and MMSI) of one vessel may not be used from another vessel. Appendix It should be noted that initially, on acceptance of the application into IMRAD, a callsign and MMSI are temporarily provided. This does not indicate a ship radio licence application has been completed or approved. It is only on the issue and receipt of the official individual ship radio licence document that the ship radio licencing process is completed. The ship radio licence document should be retained on board the vessel for inspection where possible. The temporary call sign and MMSI are provided to allow encoding of marine radio equipment, such as an EPIRB, to fully complete the application process. As the fitting of radio equipment on recreational craft is voluntary, the following Table provides guidance and recommendations only on the type of radiocommunications equipment that might be installed on different craft categories depending on the area of operation. The Table is for guidance only. It should also be noted that Automatic Identification System (AIS), transponder and locator equipment operate on marine VHF band frequencies and will require inclusion in the ship radio licence application. | Sea Area Vessel Category | Category A – Ocean | Category B – Offshore | Category C – Inshore | Category D – Sheltered Waters | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Sea Area radio range | A1 – approx. 30 nM | | | | | VHF | Fixed type- approved VHF Radiotelephony on Channels 16, 13, 6 | Fixed type- approved VHF Radiotelephony on Channels 16, 13, 6 | Fixed type- approved VHF Radiotelephony on Channels 16, 13, 6 | Fixed type- approved VHF Radiotelephony on Channels 16, 13, 6 | | Handheld VHF | Handheld waterproof VHF with charging facility or spare batet ry in waterproof container | Handheld waterproof VHF with charging facility or spare batet ry in waterproof container | Handheld waterproof VHF with charging facility or spare batet ry in waterproof container | | | VHF Digital Selective Calling (DSC) | VHF DSC on Channel 70 | VHF DSC on Channel 70 | VHF DSC on Channel 70 | | | EPIRB/PLB | Type-approved EPIRB or PLB | Type-approved EPIRB or PLB | Type-approved EPIRB or PLB | | | Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) | Type-approved SART | Type-approved SART | | | | NAVTEX | NAVTEX receiver | NAVTEX receiver | | | | Sea Area Vessel Category | Category A – Ocean | Category B – Offshore | Category C – Inshore | Category D – Sheltered Waters | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Sea Area radio range | A2 (30 – 200 nM from Coast Radio Station, coverage of a MF DSC equipped Coast Station) | | | | | MF or RMSS | MF DSC 2187.5 kHz or INMARSAT Ship Earth Station, eg. Satcom C, Satcom M, Mini-M or Iridium equivalent | MF DSC 2187.5 kHz or INMARSAT Ship Earth Station, eg. Satcom C, Satcom M, Mini-M or Iridium equivalent | | | | Sea Area radio range | A3 (>200 nM, beyond the coverage of a MF DSC equipped Coast Station) | | | | | MF | MF DSC 2187.5 kHz | MF DSC 2187.5 kHz | | | | RMSS (recognised mobile satellite service) | INMARSAT Ship Earth Station, eg. Satcom C, Satcom M, Mini-M or Iridium equivalent | INMARSAT Ship Earth Station, eg. Satcom C, Satcom M, Mini-M or Iridium equivalent | | | | GPS/GNSS | Position updating to DSC and RMSS, INMARSAT/ Iridium equipment | Position updating to DSC and RMSS, INMARSAT/ Iridium equipment | | | Radio equipment specifications All radiocommunications equipment installed on recreational craft must meet the technical and legislative standards as set out in the European Union Radio Equipment Directive (RED) and the Marine Equipment Directive (MED). ![Figure from page 213](assets/p213-f02.webp) *Figure from page 213* Equipment must have the CE mark to show compliance with the Directives. Equipment manufactured to the higher Marine Equipment Directive standards is also acceptable. Note: Radiocommunications equipment manufactured in the US, which does not meet these standards, will not be accepted and will not be licensed in Ireland. Calculation of VHF Range VHF range is generally regarded as line of sight. The key factors in determining VHF range are: a. Height of antennas, b. Power output, c. Propagation conditions. Appendix 3 There are six types of marks under the IALA System A: Appendix Buoyage 1. Lateral. 2. Cardinal. 3. Isolated Danger. 4. Special. 5. Safe Water. 6. Emergency Wreck Marking. Coastal Water Schemes Buoyage Types Buoyage used in Irish Coastal Waters is International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) Region A. Under this system, boats proceeding up a marked or buoyed channel from sea must always have their starboard side to the green buoys. Other countries may have a different system. 1. Lateral Marks These are used to indicate the port (left) and the starboard (right) sides of the channels when travelling in the Direction of Buoyage, that is into port from seaward. Port-hand marks are coloured red and the basic shape is cylindrical (can) for buoy (and topmark when fitted). If lit, the light will be red and may have a rhythm. Such a mark would be on the port side of a vessel when travelling in the direction of buoyage. Direction of Buoyage On entering Port the starboard-hand mark (green) should be passed on the vessels starboard (right) side. When leaving Port the port-hand mark (red) should be passed on the vessels starboard (right) side. Colour: Red Shape (buoys): Cylindrical (can), pillar or spar Entering Port Leaving Port Topmark (if any): Single red cylinder (can) Lights: red when fitted may have any rhythm other than composite group-flashing (2+1) used on modified lateral marks indicating a preferred channel. Examples are: Lights: green when fitted, may have any rhythm other than composite group-flashing (2+1) used on modified lateral marks indicating a preferred channel. Examples are: Starboard-hand marks are coloured green and the basic shape is conical (and topmark when fitted). If lit, the light will be green on any rhythm. This mark would be on the starboard side of a vessel when travelling in the Direction of Buoyage. Examples are: When marks are numbered, the odd numbers will lie on the starboard side and the even numbers will lie on the port, when travelling in the Direction of Buoyage. They are numbered from seaward. 2. Cardinal Marks These are used to indicate the location of the best navigable water; to show the safe side on which to pass danger (rocks, wrecks, shoals, etc.) and to draw attention to a feature in a channel. Colour: Green Shape (buoys): Conical (cone), pillar or spar To understand the meaning of a particular cardinal mark, the navigator must be aware of his or her geographical directions and, therefore, needs a compass to indicate where the best navigable water lies. The mark is placed in one of the four quadrants: north, south, east or west. If in doubt, consult the navigation chart for the waterway you are using. Topmark (if any): Single green cone point upwards ![Figure from page 216](assets/p216-f02.webp) *Figure from page 216* Appendix North Cardinal Mark This has two cones pointing up. If lit, a north marker exhibits a continuous quick or very quick flashing white light. The shape of a cardinal mark is not significant but, in the case of a buoy, it will be a pillar or spar. The most important daylight feature of the cardinal mark is the black double cone topmark and the four different arrangements that indicate the relevant direction from the mark. Pass on the northern side of this mark. Black and yellow horizontal bands are used to colour the cardinal marks. If lit, the mark will exhibit a white light of Quick Flash (= about 1 per second) or Very Quick Flash (= about 2 per second) characteristic. The rhythm of the light will indicate the particular quadrant of the mark. East Cardinal Mark This has two cones pointing away from each other. When lit, an east mark exhibits a white light flashing in groups of three (3) quick or very quick flashes. Pass on the eastern side of this mark. South Cardinal Mark This has two cones pointing down. When lit, a south mark exhibits a white light flashing in groups of six (6) quick or very quick flashes followed by a long flash. The association of two flashes = two spheres, may assist the memory with this one. Isolated Danger Marks are not always positioned centrally over a danger and it is therefore advisable not to pass too close. Pass on the southern side of this mark. 4. Special Marks These are used to indicate a special area or feature, the nature of which may be found by consulting a chart or sailing directions. West Cardinal Mark This has two cones point to point. When lit, a west mark exhibits a white light flashing in groups of nine (9) quick or very quick flashes. The colour of the special mark is always yellow and the top mark is a single yellow X. If a light is fitted, it will be yellow and may have any rhythm not used for white lights, for example, FlY, Fl (4) Y. Pass on the western side of this mark. 3. Isolated Danger Marks ![Figure from page 217](assets/p217-t01.webp) *Figure from page 217* has navigable water all around it. The colours are red and black horizontal stripes and the mark is, when practicable, fitted with a double sphere, vertically disposed, black topmark. If lit, the light will be white showing a group of two flashes. Appendix 5. Safe Water Marks strips. The topmark, which is fitted when practicable to pillar and spar buoys, is spherical and red. If lit, an isophase occulting or single long flashing white light is exhibited. These are used to indicate that there is navigable water all around the mark. These marks can be used as a centre line, mid-channel or landfall buoy. The shape of the buoy is spherical, pillar or spar and is coloured with red and white vertical Operators of vessels are cautioned that large commercial vessels may pass close by these marks. 6. Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy Inland Waterways Schemes Masters using inland waterways should exercise caution and refer to charts and navigation guides regularly to avoid confusion. Details of the principal marking schemes used on the Shannon, Erne and Lough Corrib waterways are provided below. ‘New Dangers’ should be appropriately marked using Lateral, Cardinal, Isolated Danger marks or by using the Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy. If the relevant Aid to Navigation Authority considers the risk to navigation to be especially high, at least one of the marks should be duplicated. Information in relation to buoyage on other inland waterway systems should be obtained from the relevant responsible authority in advance of commencing any voyage. Colour: Blue/Yellow vertical stripes, coloured in equal number and dimensions (minimum of 4 stripes and maximum of 8 stripes). Shannon Navigation Waterways Ireland has responsibility for the management, maintenance, restoration and development of a number of inland navigable waterways including the Shannon. Topmark: Standing or upright yellow cross. Shape: Pillar or Spar. Light: Yellow/ Blue alternating - one second of blue light and one second of yellow light with 0.5 sec. of darkness between. On the Shannon Navigation upstream of Shannon Bridge, Limerick, the buoyage system consists of red and green lateral marks. Downstream of Shannon Bridge, the IALA Region A system applies. The Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy may be fitted with a RACON Morse Code “D” and/or an AIS. ![Figure from page 219](assets/p219-f02.webp) *Figure from page 219* Green marks are kept to your right (starboard) going upstream and into bays and harbours. Green topmarks are always square or rectangular. Perches and beacons often have a white arrow indicating the safe side. Marks (see Figure 1) can consist of: Red marks are kept to your left (port) going upstream and into bays and harbours. Red topmarks are always round. Fixed (as opposed to floating) marks often have a white arrow indicating the safe-side. | (a) and (b) | Vertical stakes or perches with circular red or square/rectangular green topmarks. The stake itself may or may not be painted the same colour as the topmark. Stakes can be near the bank, in the reed margin, on a visible obstruction or out in the water-body. In some areas a topmark is fitet d to the top of a cairn of stones. | | --- | --- | | (c) and (d) | Large floating cagebuoys with circular red or square/rectangular green topmarks and ofet n a large letet r or number which can be related to the navigation charts. Buoy body painted same colour as topmark. | | (e) and (f) | Small cone-shaped floating buoys with circular red or square/ rectangular green top marks. Buoy body painted same colour as the topmark. | | (g) and (h) | Red or green painted floating cans or drums with a topmark. | | (i) and (j) | Red circles or green squares/rectangles painted on the piers of a bridge to indicate the navigation arch or arches. (Showing “safe- side” arrows) | (a) (c) (e) (g) Upstream & into bays and harbours (i) Figure 1 – Shannon Navigation Marks Note: You must remain aware of the direction of travel relative to the direction of the buoyage system (up/ downstream, into/out of harbours and bays) to avoid confusion at “middle ground” situations and refer to your navigation guide. Such situations occur (mainly on the larger lakes) where there are safe channels either side of an obstruction and one or more pairs of red and green buoys or stakes will be used in seemingly the reverse sense to mark the problem area. Do not go between the Red/Green pairs in this situation but follow the basic rules keeping red marks to your left going upstream or green marks to your right. See Figure 2. gauge is located 100 metres or more from the bridge so that it provides time and space for the master of the boat to assess the available airdraft (headroom) under the bridge versus the known air-draft of their boat (the height of the boat above the waterline). On the Shannon Navigation, the air-draft is either affixed to a navigation marker or is placed on a pole/spar along the side of the riverbank. Appendix In the example below, the air-draft gauge is affixed to a starboard hand navigation marker approximately 100 metres from the bridge. In the photograph, the available air-draft under the bridge is approximately 4.65 metres. If the water level rises, then the air-draft will read less, meaning that there is less head room for a boat to pass under the bridge. If the water level drops, the air-draft will read more, meaning that there will be more head room for a boat to pass under the bridge. Warning: Marks can become discoloured and misshapen over time by a combination of weather, collision damage, bird droppings, weed growth, etc., thereby disguising their appearance. It can be quite hard to see the small markers, and to distinguish colours, when visibility is poor because of cloud, darkness, rain or the sun in the wrong direction. ![Figure from page 222](assets/p222-f01.webp) *Figure from page 222* Air-draft gauge: Bridges on the Shannon Navigation and Shannon- Erne Waterway are provided with air-draft gauges to assist masters of vessels with assessing whether their boat will be able to pass safely under the bridge that they are approaching. Air-draft in relation to a bridge is the headroom/distance from the waterline to the underside of the bridge. Generally, the air-draft Erne Navigation Many of the Erne system marks are numbered and the numbers can be referenced to the navigation guide. On the Erne navigation the marking system consists mainly of stakes with red and white painted top-marks. The top marks are semi-circular in shape and mounted so that the flat edge of the semicircle is horizontal, either at the top of the mark or at the bottom. Both faces of the semi-circle are painted - the red half of each face denotes the hazardous side of the mark and white denotes the safe side. Shannon-Erne Waterway The Shannon Navigation system of red and green lateral marks is used on the Shannon-Erne Waterway from Leitrim to the middle of the summit level (Lough Scur) at a point just west of Keshkerrigan. From this point east to the Erne, the waterway uses the Erne marking scheme. Corrib Navigation In some areas on the large lakes, white painted stone cairns are used to help with position location. The navigation system on Lough Corrib follows the IALA Region A system: Marks (see Figure 3) can consist of: ▪RED - a cylindrical (can) shaped mark to port, (i) Marks with the horizontal edge ▪GREEN - conical (cone) shaped at the bottom are left (port) hand marks going upstream. mark to starboard. (ii) Marks with the horizontal edge at the top are right (starboard) hand marks going upstream. (iii) Middle grounds are denoted by red diamond shaped marks. Do not pass between pairs of middle ground marks. Upstream into bays & harbours (i) (ii) (iii) Figure 3 - Erne System Marks Appendix 4 Danforth ![Figure from page 224](assets/p224-f02.webp) *Figure from page 224* Appendix Anchoring, Stability and Boat Handling Anchoring Anchoring is an essential element of seamanship and all operators must be familiar with the procedure and carry the proper equipment on board. Anchoring is done for two principal reasons: ▪For recreational purposes such as Commonly used, it has two pivoting flukes that dig into the bottom. The Danforth can be made of either steel or high-strength aluminium. It offers good holding in mud or sand, but has a tendency to pull out of a bottom covered with weeds or grass because it often only lies on the top of such vegetation. It will hook into rocks, but may be difficult to get free; it may also bend or break when so hooked. It has the advantage of stowing flat on deck. fishing, swimming or an overnight stay. ▪As an emergency action, to prevent running aground in bad weather or as a result of engine failure. The object is to secure the boat to the bottom in such a manner that it will not pull free in any anticipated weather conditions. Anchoring is a safe, simple and speedy operation provided a number of basic guidelines are followed. The equipment needed for anchoring consists essentially of an anchor and rode, which may be either line or chain, with shackles to join the various segments. Plough Anchor ![Figure from page 224](assets/p224-f03.webp) *Figure from page 224* Anchors There are many types of anchors and new designs appear from time to time. Some examples of the most widely used are as follows: Folding Anchor ![Figure from page 225](assets/p225-f01.webp) *Figure from page 225* The plough anchor is very effective because it has sufficient weight to enable its fluke to dig into a variety of bottoms, but is awkward to stow on deck. It is popular with sailors and powerboaters whose craft have bow pulpits with rollers. On larger craft, it can be deployed and recovered remotely from the cockpit when combined with an electric windlass. There are a number of different manufacturers of Ploughs, in addition to the original CQR model. Generally suitable only for the smallest of craft and deployment in moderate conditions. It has the advantage of folding closed when stored, rather like an umbrella, and is easily stowed on board. The Fortress The Bruce ![Figure from page 225](assets/p225-f02.webp) *Figure from page 225* Similar to the Danforth, the Fortress is a fluke style anchor. Fortress anchors are made of lightweight high strength aluminium magnesium alloy. This anchor is popular due to the fact that it is lightweight and can be dismantled for storage. Fortress anchors have greater holding power in mud because they can be adjusted from their standard 32° to a broad 45° fluke angle. While this type of anchor performs well in clay, sand and mud bottoms, if the bottom does not allow for digging in, such as hard This anchor is much like the Plough, but has a fixed stock rather than one that pivots. Advances in design have led to a new generation of multipurpose anchors such as the Rocna and Manson Supreme brands. Notable features are the roll bar, hardened tip and concave profile of the anchor fluke. The provision of a roll bar and skids allows the anchor to consistently present at the correct angle for setting into the seabed. The concave fluke profile provides for greater holding power and the hardened chisel point of the fluke allows the anchor to set correctly in mud, hard sand and sea weed. These anchors are resistant to wind and tide shifts. The sharp chisel tip combines with a very high weight on tip, which ensures an instant reliable set. The size of the units may create problems of storage on some existing anchor bow rollers. or rocky, or weedy, then the flukes cannot bury and the anchor will not set. Appendix The Delta The Delta anchor is a fixed shank plough, essentially a development of the CQR model. It has a superior holding power to the CQR. This type of anchor is heavier and bulkier than the Danforth model. It is considered effective as a general purpose anchor for sand, thick mud, weedy bottoms and sometimes rocky areas. However it holds poorly in soft mud and the Delta is found wanting on very hard compact sand, grass, weed and kelp. The Delta is large, fairly heavy and usually stowed in a ball roller. The number and type of anchors for a particular craft should be largely determined by the size and intended cruising area of the vessel. The Anchor Rode Connecting the anchor to the vessel is the anchor rode, which may be either a chain or synthetic rope. Ensure the anchor rode is correctly connected to the vessel in the first instance with the appropriate shackle. An advantage of chain is its weight adds to the holding power of any anchor and it is resistant to damage. However, it is heavy and difficult to use and stow. If the rode is comprised entirely of chain, it is generally necessary to New generation anchors the existence of other craft in the anchorage should all be considered in coming to a decision as to where to deploy an anchor. have an anchor windlass to raise it. Furthermore, the weight of a sufficient length of chain may be a problem in the bow of a small craft, especially one with a sharp entry and limited buoyancy forward. Shelter from the wind is important because calmer water will put less strain on the ground tackle. Consider any anticipated changes in wind direction and velocity. The composition of the bottom will affect the type of anchor you will use, assuming that you have a choice. Ideally, the water should be deep enough so you will not have to worry about sitting on the bottom at low tide. However, deeper water is not always better. The deeper the water, the longer the rode must be, and so the greater your swinging circle will be. Anchoring in water that, at its lowest, will be two or three times the draft of your boat, is a good practice if possible. Line is favoured by many for anchoring because its elasticity absorbs the shock load when anchoring in moderate to heavy swells. Three-stranded twisted nylon is preferred over double-braid line because it stretches more. If you use line for your rode, a length of chain several metres long should be inserted just above the anchor to counteract against any chafing on rocks or coral. The weight of this chain also keeps the lower end of the rode down against the bottom, thereby making the pull on the anchor more horizontal. A swivel connection should be used between anchor and chain to assist in the proper setting and stowing of the anchor. Approaching the Anchorage Ensure all anchoring equipment is ready for deployment prior to making an approach. If there are other boats in the anchorage you have selected, look for a place where you will have adequate swinging room. Estimate the swinging circles of the other anchored boats — note how the other boats are lying to any wind and current. Reduce speed and enter the anchorage on the same heading as boats already anchored, slowing even more as you approach your chosen spot. Anchoring Procedures and Techniques Selecting an Anchorage Unless it is an emergency, the first step in anchoring is deciding where to lower your anchor. Do not anchor in a channel or the approaches to a channel. Refer to local charts and sailing instructions as a source of suitable anchoring locations. Prevailing winds, bottom depth, bottom composition, tidal rises and Setting the Anchor When you have reached just beyond where you want to anchor, check all headway and start a very slow backward movement — then, and only then, deploy your anchor. Continue to move astern slowly, as you pay out the necessary length of rode. The proper length is determined by the desired scope — the ratio of the length of the rode in use to the distance to the bottom of the water. Note that this is not just the depth of the water — it is the value plus the height of the bow above the surface. The depth of the water used in calculating scope is the greatest depth that will occur while anchored, that is, the depth at high tide. For calm conditions, a scope of five is generally satisfactory when using a line rode; when using chain, a scope of three works well. For expected bad weather, increase these values to as much as ten and seven respectively. used) and the line made fast to a Samson post, anchor bitts or a cleat. When the rode is fully extended, apply a burst of reverse power to make sure that the anchor is holding. Appendix Take a series of bearings on shoreside marks for use as a reference as to your boat’s position and check them on a frequent basis to ensure your craft has not dragged her anchor. Getting Underway When you are ready to leave your anchorage, go forward slowly, taking in the anchor rode by windlass or by hand as it becomes slack. Once the boat is positioned directly above, the anchor will break out of the bottom and can be recovered on board. Dangers Involved in Anchoring ▪Where it is necessary to range out anchor chain/line on deck prior to dropping an anchor, ensure it is flaked out in a safe manner and does not pose a hazard to crew. Be aware of the dangers to hands/fingers of chain running at speed out over rollers. Also when recovering line, ensure it is quickly and promptly stowed so as to avoid the risk of injury. ▪Always ensure an anchor line is deployed over the forward end of a boat using a suitable stemhead roller or fairlead. This is essential to keep a craft’s head to the prevailing conditions. It is helpful if the anchor line or chain is marked at regular intervals. When the proper length of rode has been let out, it should be removed from the anchor windlass (if one has been ▪Do not anchor by the stern. Anchoring a small boat by the stern may result in swamping and capsize. The transom area offers less freeboard than the bow and greater resistance to tide/weather. In a current, the force of the water can pull the stern under. The boat is also vulnerable to swamping by wave action. In addition, the weight of a motor, fuel tank or other gear in the stern increases the risk. ▪Excessive offset load, e.g. crowding of persons to one side ▪Reduction of original stability due to modifications (extra weight added high up in the structure) ▪Excessive water in bilges creating a free surface effect ▪Flooding damage. The ability of any boat to right itself is called stability. It should be evident that stowing gear and installing equipment on a boat requires consideration. Both should be as low in the boat as practical. It is an absolute necessity to make sure that neither can suddenly shift from one side of the boat to the other. ▪Anchor rodes should be secured to a suitably strengthened cleat, Samson post or windlass, positioned as far forward in the boat as possible. Anchor lines should not be led aft within a boat, e.g. to Thwarts or seats, as to do so may result in the craft broaching into prevailing weather/tide conditions and being swamped. Recreational craft designs built under the Recreational Craft Directive will have been assessed against an ISO stability and buoyancy standard. The essential requirements dictate that a boat must have appropriate buoyancy, stability and freeboard for the design category it is intended for. The Builder’s Plate mounted on the transom will include the boats maximum recommended load, indicated by the maximum number of persons and/or equipment. It is essential that craft are not overloaded. ▪When recovering an anchor on small boats, take care to ensure the line is neatly and correctly stowed as it is brought on board. Do not allow it to foul items such as oarlocks, which may cause the boat to broach in the event of load coming on the anchor rode. Stability A boat may be subject to heeling forces from a number of sources, from which it must have the ability to right itself or suffer a capsize. Typical forces include: ▪Forces generated by wind ▪Forces created by waves The other point, the Centre of Buoyancy (CB), will be in the centre of the underwater portion of your boat, and it is through this that the upwardly acting buoyancy force acts. While a boat floats at its mooring, there are two basic forces at work - Appendix ▪gravity, a naturally downward force that is trying to pull the boat toward the centre of the earth and When the CG and the CB are vertically aligned, the boat is level. When a boat is properly designed and constructed, with gear stowed correctly, the CG should always stay in the same place. The CB, however, will change position any time the boat begins to heel (list) because the amount and shape of the boat under water changes. ▪buoyancy, which effectively moves a boat upward to the point equal to the weight of the amount of water the boat is pushing out of the way. Looking at a cross-section of a boat's hull, sitting level in the water, you can imagine two theoretical points. The distance between the Centre of Gravity and the Centre of Buoyancy is called the Righting arm. The weight of the boat is pushing down at the CG and the weight of the water is pushing up at the CB. This situation creates a rotating force or motion that is called the righting moment. The Centre of Gravity (CG) will be in the very centre of the entire hull space. The force of gravity can be considered to act through this point. FIG. 1 | | | | --- | --- | | | FI | | | | seek professional advice before commencing. As long as the upward force of buoyancy is able to return the boat to an upright position, the situation is called a positive righting moment (Fig. 2). In this situation CG is always within CB. Boat Handling Hazards Overloading This will reduce a boat’s freeboard and affect its handling abilities. Commonly it can result in capsize and sinking on smaller craft. If for any reason, however, the Centre of Gravity should shift outside of the Centre of Buoyancy, it creates a negative righting moment and the boat is going to capsize. (Fig. 3) Offset Loading Where the load is poorly distributed to one side it will result in reduced stability in one direction of heel, making the boat vulnerable to swamping due to reduced freeboard, and generally suffering from permanent list. Such a craft will have its handling characteristics adversely affected. Negative righting moments occur due to the Centre of Gravity (CG) of a boat being raised above its design point as a result of - ▪Overloading, ▪Due to structural modifications for which the craft was never designed, e.g. addition of wheelhouse, seating on top of existing wheelhouses, taller rigs, in mast furling, radar sets, etc., Poor Trim This will result in a boat sitting either too far down in the water at the bow or stern depending on where the weight is positioned. If too far forward, water will be taken over the bow and steering will be effected. If aft, there is the risk of swamping over the stern and handling will be affected. ▪Excess water in bilges or flooding (Alters position of CG). Besides careful stowing, boat handling may affect a boats stability, e.g. never run parallel to large waves in a boat that is overloaded or too small for the situation. As the waves cause the boat to roll from one side to the other, the positions of the CG and the CB are constantly changing. Even a relatively small change during the rolling, such as gear shifting or a passenger moving to the low side, will create a negative righting moment. Always think twice about any modification to your boat that raises its Centre of Gravity, and Weight too High This will reduce stability and make the boat unstable. Always distribute weight as low as possible. Swamping The rapid filling of a boat with water as a result of poor loading and/or wave action. Appendix 5 Lifejackets provide face up in-water support to the user regardless of physical conditions. Appendix Personal Flotation Devices/ Lifejackets, Jacklines and Safety Harness Buoyancy aids require the user to make swimming and other postural movements to position the user with the face out of the water. Types of personal flotation devices (PFD/Lifejackets) The term personal flotation device (PFD) is an all-encompassing term, which covers all forms of lifejackets and buoyancy aids intended to help keep a person afloat in the water. These range from “CE” marked or “wheel marked” lifejackets through to “CE” marked buoyancy aids. The following Table lists the different types of PFD/lifejackets with suggested guidance on selection and where they should be used. The Table is for guidance only. Persons must assess the risks appropriate to their area of operation and select personal flotation devices accordingly. | Type and Markings | Suggested Uses | | --- | --- | | International Standard: IMO SOLAS/EU Marine Equipment Directive | Lifejackets for seagoing ships. Intended primarily for use on seagoing ships under IMO (International Maritime Organization) rules. Use for abandoning ship. Not intended for everyday use as they are generally bulky and they need to be kept in good condition for use in abandon ship situations. | | European Harmonised Standard: I.S. EN ISO 12402-2:2006 Old Standard: EN 399 | For offshore use and by people who are using items of significant weight and thus require additional buoyancy. Also of value to those who are using clothing which traps air and which will adversely afef ct the self- righting capacity of the lifejacket. Designed to ensure that the user is floating with his/ her mouth and nose clear of the surface at an angle and with sufficient freeboard to limit mouth immersions in waves. | | Type and Markings | Suggested Uses | | --- | --- | | European Harmonised Standard: I.S. EN ISO 12402-3:2006 Old Standard: EN 396 | For swimmers and non-swimmers of any age. For general offshore and rough weather use. Turns most unconscious wearers face up in water. However, performance may be afef cted if the user is wearing heavy and/or waterproof clothing. May be suitable for use in tidal waters or when foul weather clothing is being worn and where the wearers may not be capable of helping themselves due to injury or exhaustion. | | European Harmonised Standard: I.S. EN ISO 12402-4:2006 Old Standard: EN 395 | For swimmers of any age. For use in relatively sheltered/calm waters and intended for those who may have to wait for rescue. Will not turn unconscious wearers face up in water (particularly when wearing heavy clothing). May be suitable in instances where the wearers remain capable of helping themselves. Whilst these PFDs may be less bulky than other types of PFDs, they should not be used in rough conditions or when there is wave splash. | | European Harmonised Standard: I.S. EN ISO 12402-5:2006 Old Standard: EN 393 | Only for good swimmers and for use near to a bank or shore where help is close at hand. Requires active participation of the user. Will not hold the face of an unconscious wearer clear of the water and does not have sufficient buoyancy to protect people who are unable to help themselves. May be suitable in circumstances where more bulky or buoyant devices could impair the user’s activity or actually endanger them. They have minimum bulk and cost, but they are of limited use in disturbed water and cannot be expected to keep the user safe for a long period of time. Not a lifejacket. | | Type and Markings | Suggested Uses | | --- | --- | | Special purpose Lifejackets and buoyancy aids - performance levels 50-275 European Harmonised Standard: I.S. EN ISO 12402-6:2006 | These are special purpose devices for specific needs that go beyond the requirements of the average user and those that rely on the skill, knowledge, special training and participation of the user. This should be stated clearly in the information supplied by the manufacturer of these items. For use when fire-fighting. They are also for use with personal watercraft (jet skis), water skiing or similar towed uses and are also used for white water rafting. | Appendix It is essential that pleasure and recreational craft owners select PFDs that are suitable for the particular circumstances in which they will be used. Before purchasing a PFD/ Lifejacket ensure: 1. The device is sufficient to give a person using it a positive buoyancy in waters which are likely to be encountered. Users should be aware that certain PFDs may not perform as well in extreme climate conditions, even if they are fully approved PFDs. Note Irish Standard (I.S.) refers to National Standards which are used to ensure uniformity and minimum standards for products and services in Ireland. Only Irish manufacturers will have this prefix. Other European manufacturers will use their own country prefix instead of I.S. 2. PFDs may also be affected by other conditions of use, such as chemical exposure and welding, and may require additional protection, e.g. a protective layer, to meet the specific requirements of use. If the user intends taking a PFD into such conditions, the user must be satisfied that the PFD will not be adversely affected. EuroNorm (EN) refers to Europeanwide standards that are used for ensuring the uniformity and minimum standards for products and services. International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) refers to International Standards that are used to ensure uniformity and minimum standards for products and services at an international level. 3. The device is appropriate to the body weight and chest girth of the person who is to wear it. 4. The device has on it the CE conformity marking consisting of the initials “CE” taking the form of the specimen given in Annex II of Regulation (EC) 765/2008 of 9 July 2008 or the mark of conformity in the form of the symbol set out in Annex I to Council Directive 2014/90/EU of 23 July 2014. ▪night and day time operation ▪ease of use ▪type and buoyancy of clothing worn ▪proximity to rescue services. This Appendix attempts to deal with these issues and to highlight concerns and issues that should be considered in selecting a PFD/ lifejacket. Please Note: Some inflatable PFDs come provided with crotch straps and others are sold with the crotch strap as an optional extra. To maximise the lifesaving potential of inflatable PFDs, it is recommended that a crotch strap (or leg straps) should always be worn, over the top of all clothing. For further details see Marine Notice Nos. 39 of 2013, 48 of 2015, 27 of 2016 and 32 of 2019. Inflatable PFD/lifejackets such as those complying with I.S. EN ISO 12402-3:2006 (EN 396) and I.S. EN ISO 12402-2:2006 (EN 399) are lightweight and less restrictive and can be worn comfortably in both warm and cold weather. They can also be fitted with automatic inflation devices and may turn the wearer face upwards in the water, depending on the clothing worn. Marine Notices are available on the Department of Transport website at www.gov.ie or from Maritime Safety Policy Division, Department of Transport, Leeson Lane, Dublin 2, D02 TR60 (marinenotices@transport.gov.ie). It must be recognised that clothing traps air, which may result in a person not floating as would be expected. Clothing absorbs water, making a person heavier to support. The person may need to use a PFD with a higher performance standard to ensure that they self-right face up and their mouth and nose are kept sufficiently clear of the water. Notes for selection of PFD/ Lifejackets The selection of a PFD/Lifejacket is a complex issue and it is dependent on many factors such as: If the wearer is at risk of entering the water in a disabled or unconscious condition, then the lifejacket should be fitted with both manual and automatic activation to ensure that the lifejacket will inflate automatically. ▪the area of operation for the vessel ▪sea state ▪weather conditions ▪seasonal variations Consideration should also be given to fitting personal flotation devices with lights. A lifejacket light can aid location and reduce the recovery or rescue time in bad visibility, day or night. These lights should comply with the EuroNorm standard EN ISO 12402-8:2006 (EN 394). 3. Every user should read the manufacturer’s instructions for wearing, maintaining and servicing a lifejacket, and be fully aware of how to activate and operate it. 4. PFDs must be serviced and maintained on a regular basis. Servicing of PFDs should only be carried out by manufacturers/ approved agents in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Users should carry out regular safety checks prior to each use. ![Figure from page 236](assets/p236-f02.webp) *Figure from page 236* ![Figure from page 236](assets/p236-f03.webp) *Figure from page 236* Guidance for correct use of PFD/Lifejackets 1. Inflatable personal flotation devices must be worn over all clothing and not underneath. This is to ensure that there is sufficient space for the device to inflate and that the wearer’s breathing is not restricted. 5. As a minimum, checks should include: - Harness straps/stitching inspected and checked for damage/wear 2. PFD/lifejackets should be worn in the correct position on the torso as per the manufacturer’s instructions to prevent them from riding up above the wearer’s shoulders. Hold-down devices such as crotch straps or thigh straps can greatly assist in keeping the PFD in the correct position. Where supplied, thigh straps should be correctly fitted and adjusted. - External lining inspected for wear/damage - All buckles checked/adjusted as required - All zips, buckles, fasteners, webbing straps and lights (if fitted) are functioning correctly - Hold-down devices attached to the PFD, if fitted - In the case of an inflatable PFD, the CO2 gas firing cylinder is firmly screwed into the inflation valve and has not been fired ![Figure from page 237](assets/p237-f02.webp) *Figure from page 237* Appendix - Manual firing lanyard positioned for use if required - Be aware of any marked expiry dates of the firing mechanism components. 6. PFD users should not use PFDs with expired components and should remove these PFDs from the boat. They should refer to an approved service agent if there are any concerns about a PFD. 7. Automatically inflatable PFD/ lifejackets, which operate by means of a soluble bobbin, may activate in error if left in a damp condition. When inflatable PFD/lifejackets are not being worn, they should be hung to dry vertically to ensure that all moisture drains away from the bobbin. Covers are available which reduce the problem of accidental inflation. Please Note: Wearers must be aware of the legal requirements in relation to the wearing of PFDs and the penalties arising from noncompliance. For further details see Chapter 1 and Marine Notice No. 32 of 2019. Jacklines and Safety Harnesses Lifelines/Jackstays ![Figure from page 237](assets/p237-f03.webp) *Figure from page 237* 8. Where PFDs are required to be carried on board a craft, it is recommended that they are stored in a readily accessible position which may save time in an emergency situation. Offshore sailors will be familiar with jackstays or webbing straps that run fore and aft over most of the length of the boat to allow crew to complete most operations on deck, while remaining attached by their harness. PFD/Lifejackets are available for babies. ![Figure from page 238](assets/p238-f02.webp) *Figure from page 238* There are a number of points to be aware of in relation to jackstays: ▪The more conventional type is made from stainless steel wire, which has the tendency to get underfoot and trip crew members. On many yachts they have been replaced with a webbing strap, which has the advantage of not as readily tripping up crew members. ▪They are normally made from ![Figure from page 238](assets/p238-f03.webp) *Figure from page 238* polypropylene or blended synthetic fibres. The weakness they have is that they degrade with ultra violet light and weathering, and have been known to fail when a load is placed upon them. ▪They should be tested each season. If in doubt, cut them in half and have them replaced with new ones, which are relatively inexpensive. Appendix 6 Gale Warnings Gale warnings are issued by Met Éireann for Irish coastal waters, which are regarded as extending 30 nautical miles out from the coastline, and the Irish Sea or part thereof. Weather, Sea States and Tides Forecasts and Warnings Met Éireann issues scheduled daily weather forecasts for small boats operating in Irish coastal waters and on inland lakes: Gale Warnings are issued if winds of Beaufort Force 8 are expected and a Status Yellow Marine (Gale) warning will be issued. Strong Gale Warnings are issued if Beaufort Force 9 winds or frequent gusts of at least 52 knots are expected. ▪the Sea Area Forecast for 24 hours ahead with an outlook for the following 24 hours is issued by the duty forecaster in Met Éireann four times a day; at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 local time with relevant Small Craft Warnings and Gale Warnings for the period. Details of the terminology used in the sea area forecast is available at https://www.met.ie/forecasts/ marine-inland-lakes/sea-areaforecast-terminology. Storm Force Warnings are issued if Beaufort Force 10 winds or frequent gusts of at least 61 knots are expected and a Status Orange Marine (Gale) warning will be issued. ▪the Inland Lakes Forecast is issued at 06:00 for the remainder of daylight hours and is updated at 13:00. This forecast covers Lough Derg, Lough Ree, Lough Corrib and Lough Mask, and Lough Key and Lough Allen. Violent Storm Force Warnings are issued if Beaufort Force 11 winds or frequent gusts of at least 69 knots are expected and a Status Red Marine (Gale) warning will be issued. Hurricane Force Warnings are issued if Beaufort Force 12 winds are expected. These forecasts include essential information on expected wind direction and wind strength, state of sea, wave height, sea temperatures, swell, visibility, and changes expected during the forecast period. Check well ahead of your planned trip – you can get an idea of the changes in the weather pattern from the forecasts issued 24 hours or longer before you leave shore. Small Craft Warnings also sign up to receive emails of Weather Warnings on: www.met.ie/warnings/login Small Craft Warnings are issued if winds of Beaufort Force 6 (22 knots) are expected in areas up to 10 nautical miles offshore. ▪National Radio – Sea Area Forecasts are broadcast on RTE Radio 1 twice daily at approximately 06:02 and at 23:55. Always check the weather ▪ National Television – Met Éireann provides weather bulletins on RTE 1. for your location before going afloat. ▪Coast Guard Radio: ▪IRCG Coast Radio Stations make If in doubt, don’t go out. a prior announcement of weather forecasts on Marine VHF Radio Channel 16 and then broadcast the forecast on the named relevant VHF Radio working channel. Sea Area Forecasts are broadcast every 3 hours beginning at 01:03 local time – i.e. broadcast times are: 01:03, 04:03, 07:03, 10:03, 13:03, 16:06, 19:03, 22:03 local time. Weather forecasts can be obtained from the following sources: Primary Weather Sources: ▪Met Éireann weather forecasts and warnings are available on www.met.ie and on the Met Éireann App. Detailed 10-day forecasts for all locations in Ireland are available based on GPS location. ▪Gale Warning broadcasts are also preceded by an announcement on Marine VHF Channel 16. They are broadcast on receipt and are repeated at the next one of the following times: 00:33, 06:33, 12:33 and 18:33 local time. ▪Sea Area Forecast – https://www. met.ie/forecasts/marine-inlandlakes/sea-area-forecast ▪Inland Lakes Forecast – https:// www.met.ie/forecasts/marineinland-lakes/inland-lakes Secondary Weather Sources: ▪Buoy Reports – https://www. ▪Harbour Offices and Marinas will met.ie/forecasts/marine-inlandlakes/buoys. post a copy of the current local sea area forecast on noticeboards, as will Yacht Clubs during sailing events. ▪Met Éireann weather warning alert push notifications are available on the Met Éireann app. Tap Menu/My Warnings/Add. You can set up notifications for any county and warning type. You can ▪Marine Institute Weather Buoys – https://www.marine. ie/site-area/data-services/realtime-observations/real-timeobservations. height given when making visual observations of wave height). ▪Irish Lights MetOcean Charts and Irish Lights Buoy List on X - MetOcean Charts (irishlights.ie). | Sea State (Descriptive) | Significant Wave Height (in metres) | | --- | --- | | Calm | 0 – 0.1 | | Smooth (Wavelets) | 0.1 – 0.5 | | Slight | 0.5 -1.25 | | Moderate | 1.25 – 2.5 | | Rough | 2.5 – 4.0 | | Very rough | 4.0 – 6.0 | | High | 6.0 – 9.0 | | Very High | 9.0 – 14.0 | | Phenomenal | Over 14.0 | ▪Navtex receivers on board provide a printed forecast in addition to navigation information. ▪Meteoalarm provides extreme weather alerts for Ireland and the rest of Europe (www.meteoalarm.org). The system uses colour coding to indicate the severity of the expected hazard. An explanation of the warnings categories and thresholds that apply in Ireland can be found at www.met.ie/ nationalwarnings. ▪A number of other websites are available that specialise in giving information on marine weather. Some examples are given below: Individual waves in the wave train will have heights in excess of the significant height. The highest wave of all will have a height about twice the significant height. ▫https://passageweather.com/ ▫https://www.windguru.cz/ ▫https://magicseaweed.com/ ▫https://www.xcweather.co.uk ▫https://windy.com State of Sea The wave height is the vertical distance between the crest and the preceding or following trough. The following table gives a description of the wave system associated with a range of Significant Wave Heights. The Significant Wave Height is defined as the average height of the highest one-third of the waves. (It is very close to the value of wave Beaufort Scale Appendix | Force | Short Description | Specifications for use on Sea/Land | Wind speed at 10m above ground level | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | Knots | mph | km/h | | 0 | Calm | Smoke rises vertically | <1 | <1 | <1 | | 1 | Light air | Ripples/Direction of wind shown by smoke but not by wind vanes | 1-3 | 1-3 | 1-5 | | 2 | Light breeze | Small wavelets/Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, ordinary vanes moved by wind | 4-6 | 4-7 | 6-11 | | 3 | Gentle breeze | Large wavelets, crests begin to break/leaves and small twigs in constant motion, wind extends light flag | 7- 10 | 8- 12 | 12- 19 | | 4 | Moderate breeze | Small waves, becoming larger; fairly frequent white horses/ Raises dust and loose paper, small branches are moved | 11- 16 | 13- 18 | 20- 28 | | 5 | Fresh breeze | Moderate waves, taking a more pronounced, longer form; many white horses are formed. Chance of some spray/ Small trees in leaf begin to sway, crested wavelets form on inland waters | 17- 21 | 19- 24 | 29- 38 | | 6 | Strong breeze | Large waves begin to form; the white foam crests are more extensive everywhere. Some spray/Large branches in motion, whistling heard in telephone wires; umbrellas used with difficulty | 22- 27 | 25- 31 | 39- 49 | | 7 | Near gale | Sea heaps up and white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown in streaks along the direction of the wind/ Whole trees in motion, inconvenience walking against the wind | 28- 33 | 32- 38 | 50- 61 | | 8 | Gale | Moderately high waves of greater length; edges of crests begin to break into spindrift. The foam is blown in well-marked streaks/Breaks of ftwigs, generally impedes progress | 34- 40 | 39- 46 | 62- 74 | | 9 | Strong gale | High waves. Dense streaks of foam along the direction of the wind. Crests of waves begin to topple, tumble and roll over/Slight structural damage occurs (chimney pots and slates removed) | 41- 47 | 47- 54 | 75- 88 | | 10 | Storm | Very high waves with long overhanging crests. The resulting foam, in great patches, is blown in dense white streaks, along the direction of the wind. The whole surface of the sea takes on a white appearance. Visibility afef cted/ Seldom experienced inland, trees uprooted, considerable structural damage occurs | 48- 55 | 55- 63 | 89- 102 | | 11 | Violent Storm | Exceptionally high waves (small and medium ships might be, for a time, lost to view behind the waves). The surface is covered with long white patches of foam lying along the direction of the wind. Everywhere, the edges of the wave crests are being blown into the froth. Visibility afef cted/ Very rarely experienced, accompanied by widespread damage | 56- 63 | 64- 72 | 103- 117 | | 12 | Hurricane | The air is filled with foam and spray. Sea completely white with driving spray. | 64> | 73> | 117> | ![Figure from page 243](assets/p243-f02.webp) *Figure from page 243* Beaufort Force 0 Wind speed (knots): Under 1 Wind description: Calm Sea state: Sea is mirrorlike. Beaufort Force 1 Wind speed (knots): 1-3 Wind description: Light Airs Sea state: Ripples with appearance of scales, no foam crests. Beaufort Force 2 Wind speed (knots): 4-6 Wind description: Light Breeze Sea state: Small wavelets, crests beginning to break, scattered whitecaps. Beaufort Force 3 Wind speed (knots): 7-10 Wind description: Gentle Breeze Sea state: Large wavelets, crests beginning to break, scattered whitecaps. Beaufort Force 4 Wind speed (knots): 11-16 Wind description: Moderate Breeze Sea state: Small waves, becoming longer, numerous whitecaps. Beaufort Force 5 Wind speed (knots): 17-21 Wind description: Fresh Breeze Sea state: Moderate waves, taking longer form, many whitecaps, some spray. Beaufort Force 6 Wind speed (knots): 22-27 Wind description: Strong Breeze Sea state: Larger waves forming, whitecaps everywhere, much spray. Beaufort Force 7 Wind speed (knots): 28-33 Wind description: Near Gale Sea state: Sea heaps up, white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown in streaks. ![Figure from page 245](assets/p245-f02.webp) *Figure from page 245* Beaufort Force 8 Wind speed (knots): 34-40 Wind description: Gale Sea state: Moderately high waves of greater length, edges of crests begin to break into spindrift, foam is blown into well defined streaks. Beaufort Force 9 Wind speed (knots): 41-47 Wind description: Strong Gale Sea state: High waves, sea begins to roll, dense streaks of foam, spray begins to reduce visibility. Beaufort Force 10 Wind speed (knots): 48-55 Wind description: Storm Sea state: Very high waves with overhanging crests, sea takes on white appearance, foam blown in dense streaks, rolling is heavy, visibility reduced. Tides Along with the weather, an understanding of tides and how they affect sea states is important. Some knowledge of tides is desirable before going afloat on the sea. are important for many recreational activities including swimming, sailing, fishing, boat berthing, anchoring and passage planning. Notable hazards from tides include tide rips and races, inadvertent grounding and stray navigation. Tidal level predictions and information can be obtained from various nautical Almanacs, newspapers, websites and phone apps. Appendix The tide is basically the rise and fall of the sea level, is caused by the combined effects of the forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and can have a marked effect on maritime-related activities. On Irish coastal waters, tides are semidiurnal (two high and low waters each day). Tides can also influence marine activities in that they result in water movements (tidal streams). This movement can be significant inshore such as on estuaries and near headlands. Tide levels/streams Sea Surface Temperature Forecast The Sea Surface Temperature forecast map is available on the Met Éireann website (https://www.met. ie/forecasts/marine-inland-lakes/ sea-surface-temperature) for 7 days ahead. ![Figure from page 246](assets/p246-f02.webp) *Figure from page 246* Marine Weather Services Sea Area Map This map shows areas covered by Met Éireann marine forecasts. Weather Buoys The Marine Institute and the Commissioners of Irish Lights (Irish Lights) both have networks of buoys around the Irish coast which record weather and sea conditions. The Irish Lights buoys are located inshore with Marine Institute buoys further out at sea. The latest reports from a selection of those buoys can be viewed on the Met Éireann website. M4 : 54.9982°N 09.992154°W ▪Off the Donegal coast: Approximately 45 nautical miles (83 km) west northwest of Rossan Point. M5 : 51.6900°N 06.7040°W ▪Off the south Wexford coast: Approximately 30 nautical miles (56 km) south of Hook Head. M6 : 53.07482°N 15.88135°W Marine Institute Buoy Positions ▪Deep Atlantic: Approximately M2 : 53.4800°N 05.4250°W 210 nautical miles (389 km) west southwest of Slyne Head. ▪Irish Sea: Approximately 20 nautical miles (37 km) east of Howth Head. The buoy network provides vital data for weather forecasts, shipping bulletins, gale and swell warnings, as well as data for general public information and research. M3 : 51.2166°N 10.5500°W ▪Off the Cork coast: Approximately 30 nautical miles (56 km) southwest of Mizen Head. Appendix 7 Union (Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft) (Procedures for Watercraft Identification) Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 217 of 2017). A further amendment was made in the European Union (Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft) (Amendment) Regulations 2023 (S.I. No. 288 of 2023) arising from Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on market surveillance and compliance of products. Appendix Directive on Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft – Advice on buying a Recreational Craft Since June 1998 all recreational craft new to the European Economic Area 1 (EEA) were required to comply with the Recreational Craft Directive, Directive 94/25/ EC, as amended. The Directive was implemented in Ireland by the European Communities (Recreational Craft) Regulations 1998 (S.I. No. 40 of 1998), as amended in 2004 by the European Communities (Recreational Craft) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 (S.I. No. 422 of 2004). The Directive is beneficial to consumers as it requires craft to meet essential safety, health, environmental protection and consumer protection requirements. Directive 2013/53/EU lays down requirements for the design and construction, exhaust emissions and noise emissions of recreational craft, personal watercraft, components and propulsion engines installed in or on watercraft. Directive 2013/53/EU on recreational craft and personal watercraft repealed Directive 94/25/ EC on recreational craft from 18 January 2016. However, Directive 94/25/EC, as amended by Directive 2003/44/EC, continues to apply to recreational craft, personal watercraft, components or propulsion engines placed on the EU market for the first time before 18 January 2017. Directive 2013/53/EU was transposed into Irish law through the European Union (Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft) Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 65 of 2017), as amended by the European Watercraft products within the scope of Directive 2013/53/EU (and Regulation 3(1) of S.I. No. 65 of 2017), as amended: ▪Recreational craft of hull length from 2.5 metres to 24 metres; ▪Personal watercraft of less than 4 metres in hull length; ▪Partly completed watercraft, being 1. The EEA consists of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. Anyone considering purchasing a watercraft product should check for the following: a partly completed recreational craft or personal watercraft; ▪Components, when placed separately on the Union market (e.g. ignition-protected equipment for inboard and stern drive petrol engines and petrol tank spaces; starting-gear protection devices for outboard engines; steering wheels, steering mechanisms and cable assemblies; fuel tanks intended for fixed installations and fuel hoses; prefabricated hatches, and port lights); 1. in the case of a watercraft, that it is affixed with a Watercraft Builder’s Plate and that it has sufficient structure, stability and buoyancy in accordance with its design category; 2. that it is affixed with the CE marking; 3. in the case of a propulsion engine, that it is marked with a Propulsion Engine Identification and complies with other essential requirements of the Directive, e.g. installation requirements; ▪Propulsion engines installed or specifically intended for installation in or on watercraft, or subject to major engine modification; ▪Watercraft subject to major craft conversion. 4. in the case of an imported product, that it is labelled with the importers contact details; A boat owner who has bought a new boat or a used boat in a third country and returns the boat by whatever means to the EEA territory, and places that boat into service for the first time in the EEA, will be subject to the requirements of the Directive. Importers of watercraft from third countries that place products on the EU market are obliged to mark the product with their name and address. 5. that it is identified by a type, batch or serial number or a Watercraft Identification Number (WIN); 6. that it is accompanied by an Owner’s Manual(s); and 7. that it is accompanied by a Declaration. When buying a boat, it is recommended that you deal with a reputable Broker and engage the services of a qualified Marine Surveyor to inspect any prospective purchase. 1 and 2: Watercraft Builder’s Plate, CE Mark and Design Category Each watercraft must carry a permanently affixed plate, preferably in the cockpit or near the main steering position, containing the following information: - If a sail kit is provided with a recreational craft, the maximum sail area (m2 or ft2 ). A Watercraft Builders Plate should not be affixed to a partly completed watercraft. In the case of postconstruction assessment, the contact details of the notified body that has carried out the conformity assessment are included on the Builder’s Plate, in place of those of the manufacturer, and the words ‘post-construction assessment’ are also included. ▪Manufacturer’s name, registered trade name or registered trade mark, as well as contact address; ▪CE marking; ▪Watercraft design category (summarised in section 1.2.9 of this Code): All watercraft, designated components and propulsion engines are subject to CE marking, indicating that a product complies with the relevant EU legislation. In the case of a watercraft, CE marking must be affixed on the Watercraft Builder’s Plate (mounted separately from the Watercraft Identification Number). In the case of any other product, such as a propulsion engine, the CE mark shall be affixed to the product, but in the case of a component where that is not possible or warranted on account of the size of the component, it shall be affixed to the packaging and to the accompanying documentation. ▫A, B C and/or D for recreational craft; ▫C and/or D for personal watercraft; ▪Manufacturer’s maximum recommended load; ▪The number of persons recommended by the manufacturer for which the watercraft was designed; ▪Additional information depending on the type of watercraft: - If a recreational craft is designed to be fitted with outboard propulsion engine(s), the maximum engine(s) power (kW); Each watercraft must have sufficient structure, stability and buoyancy in accordance with its design category. The four watercraft design categories are summarized in section 1.2.9 of this Code. - If an inflatable recreational craft, the recommended working pressure (Bar or psi); Manufacturer’s name, registered trade name or registered trade mark ABC Boatyard Manufacturer’s Address Manufacturer’s contact address C Boat Design Category Max. 4 Maximum persons capacity Manufacturer’s recommended maximum load, including the mass of the outboard engine(s) but excluding the mass of the contents of fixed fuel and water tanks when full Max. + + = 620 kg CE mark and notified body’s identification number (if applicable) CEXXXX Example: Builder’s Plate with minimum information for craft powered by outboard engines 3. Propulsion Engine Requirements ▪A unique engine serial number; ▪CE marking. Every engine must be clearly and durably marked with the following information: Every propulsion engine installed in or on watercraft must meet the applicable essential safety and environmental requirements as laid down in Directive 2013/53/EU. Any person who carries out a major modification to a propulsion engine must ensure that the modified engine is in conformity with the Directive. ▪Engine manufacturer’s name, registered trade name or registered trade mark, as well as contact address and, if applicable, the name and contact address of the person adapting the engine. This is not necessarily the address where the manufacturer is actually established. This address can for example be that of the authorised representative or of the customer services; To ensure safe handling characteristics, a watercraft should not be fitted with a propulsion engine that is more powerful than the maximum power for which the watercraft is designed and constructed. All tiller-controlled ▪Engine type, engine family, if applicable; outboard propulsion engines must have an emergency stopping device fitted. of a Member State. In Ireland, unique codes of the manufacturer are assigned by the Marine Survey Office of the Department of Transport; Appendix 4. Importer’s Plate The plate must indicate the importer’s name, registered trade name or registered trade mark, as well as contact address, preferably in the cockpit or near the main steering position, but not on the Watercraft Builder’s Plate. 12345 Unique Serial Number assigned by the manufacturer; D Month of Manufacture (A= January, B= February, etc.); 16 Year of Manufacture (2016); 5. Product Identification 14 Model year (2014). In the case of a propulsion engine, a unique engine serial number must be permanently marked on the engine. In the case of a watercraft, a Watercraft Identification Number (WIN) must be marked in two positions: 6. Owner’s Manual Every product must have an Owner’s Manual. This must be in a language easily understood by the end-user, which in Ireland is Irish or English. It contains the instructions and information essential to the safe use of the product, drawing particular attention to the set-up, maintenance, regular operation of the product, prevention of risks and risk management. It should also contain all the instructions and manuals for any equipment fitted. For propulsion engines, the maximum rated engine power must be declared in the Owner’s Manual. ▪watercraft exterior: top of transom, starboard side, and ▪watercraft interior: in a position that is not visible. The Watercraft Identification Number is unique to each craft. It is a code that identifies the manufacturer, country of manufacture and date of construction, as follows: IE ABC 12345 D 16 14 IE Country code of the manufacturer, i.e. where the craft was built; ABC Unique Code of the Manufacturer - assigned by the national authority 7. Declaration Please note that this advice is designed to provide basic guidance. It is not a complete authoritative statement of the law. Each individual product must be accompanied by an EU Declaration of Conformity or, in the case of a partly completed watercraft, by a Declaration by the manufacturer or the importer of the partly completed watercraft. This is a legal document signed by the manufacturer, or his or her authorised representative, stating that the craft meets all the requirements. This is an important document, particularly if the craft is to be used or taken into other Member States, as enforcement officials can ask to see it. For more information contact: Marine Survey Office Irish Maritime Administration Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Telephone: + 353 (0)1 678 3400 Email: mso@transport.gov.ie Directive 2013/53/EU does not apply to certain watercraft – see Article 2.2 of the Directive, Regulation 3(2) of S.I. No. 65 of 2017, as amended, and section 1.2.9 of this Code. Appendix 8 Appendix Passage Planning Template | Vessel | | | | Date | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Route | | | | Distance/Time | | | | Weather Forecast | | | | | | | | Tides | HW | LW | Spring / Neap | | Draft | | Use approved GMDSS communications systems. A mobile phone should not be relied on as the primary method of maritime communication. ![Figure from page 254](assets/p254-t02.webp) *Figure from page 254* Traffic Report Message logged with nearest Irish Coast Guard station: Safety Equipment Checklist completed by: | Number of Crew On Board | | | | Crew briefed on passage | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Fuel Checked | | Fresh Water | | | | Food/Equipment | | | | Charts and publications to be used for passage Insert the chart numbers and the relevant pages of the sailing directions and/ or Almanac here: | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Confirm route is marked on charts and agrees with this passage plan | Y | N | Any rocks, shallow areas, strong currents or other dangers on the route Contingency plans and safe places of refuge on the proposed route Note: Check tides and access for any alternative ports and bays. Ensure chart is on board. | Name and contact information of person/organisation ashore informed of the voyage details including estimated time of arrival or return. | | | --- | --- | | Name and signature of person responsible for this passage plan: | I confirm that I have checked this plan and am satisfied that it is safe for the voyage to proceed: | The following table is used to give an indication of the proposed track the vessel will travel and should include the expected compass heading on each leg and the length of the leg. Positions can be in Latitude and Longitude or bearing and distance from a known mark or place. The remarks/description section should be used to give some information or advice on the waypoint or leg, i.e.: “should be able to see lighthouse”, “look for leading lights”, “stay well clear of cardinal mark”, etc. | W/P No | Waypoint Name | Position | Remarks/ Description | Heading | Distance (NM) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | ° | | | | | | | ° | | | | | | | ° | | | | | | | ° | | | | | | | ° | | | | | | | ° | | | | | | | ° | | | Total Distance | | | | | | Appendix 9 Appendix List of Course Providers (see Appendix 10 for full contact details) | Chapter 2: Sail and Motor Boats – Coastal Operation | ▪ Irish Sailing ▪ Diving Ireland | | --- | --- | | Chapter 3: Sail and Motor Boats – Inland Waterways | ▪ Irish Sailing ▪ Inland Waterways Association of Ireland ▪ Diving Ireland | | Chapter 4: Sailing Dinghies | ▪ Irish Sailing | | Chapter 5: Personal Watercraft – Jet Skis and High Speed Power Boats | ▪ Irish Sailing ▪ Powerboat Association of Ireland | | Chapter 6: Windsurfing, Foiling and Kitesurfing | ▪ Irish Windsurfing Association ▪ Irish Surfing | | Chapter 7: Canoeing/Kayaking and Stand- Up Paddle Boarding | ▪ Canoeing Ireland ▪ Irish Surfing | | Chapter 8: Rowing Boats | ▪ Rowing Ireland ▪ Irish Coastal Rowing Federation | | Chapter 9: International Certificate for Operators of Pleasure Craft | ▪ Irish Sailing | | Chapter 11: Emergency Procedures | ▪ Contact the Marine Survey Office | Appendix 10 Contact Details 10.1 Irish Maritime Administration contacts: Website: www.gov.ie/transport Maritime Safety Policy Division Irish Maritime Administration Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Mercantile Marine Office (Dublin) Irish Maritime Administration Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Telephone: +353 (0)1 670 3434 Email: marineleisuresafety@transport.gov.ie Telephone: +353 (0)1 678 3480 Email: mmo@transport.gov.ie Marine Survey Office (Ballyshannon) Department of Transport Town Council Building Abbeyview Ballyshannon Co. Donegal F94 C44W Irish Coast Guard HQ Irish Maritime Administration Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Email: admin@irishcoastguard.ie Telephone: +353 (0)71 982 2400 Email: mso@transport.gov.ie Marine Survey Office (Dublin) Irish Maritime Administration Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Telephone: +353 (0)1 678 3400 Email: mso@transport.gov.ie Marine Survey Office (Cork) Department of Transport Centre Park House Centre Park Road Cork T12 RKON Telephone: +353 (0)21 496 8992 Email: mso@transport.gov.ie 10.2 Contact Details for other organisations: Commissioners of Irish Lights (Irish Lights) Harbour Road Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin A96 H500 Appendix Bord Iascaigh Mhara Crofton Road Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin A96 E5A0 Telephone: +353 (0)1 271 5400 Email: info@irishlights.ie Website: www.irishlights.ie Telephone: +353 (0)1 214 4100 Email: info@bim.ie Website: www.bim.ie Diving Ireland 78a Patrick Street Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin A96 HY45 Canoeing Ireland Irish Sport HQ Sport Ireland Campus Blanchardstown Dublin 15 D15 DY62 Telephone: +353 (0)1 284 4601 Email: info@diving.ie Website: www.diving.ie Telephone: +353 (0)1 625 1105 Email: info@canoe.ie Website: www.canoe.ie Inland Waterways Association of Ireland (IWAI) 2 Kylemore Park Taylor’s Hill Galway H91 T22T Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg) 1 Dockland Central Guild Street Dublin 1 D01 E4XO Telephone: +353 (0)91 589 333 Lo-Call: 1890 924 991 Email: info@iwai.ie Website: www.iwai.ie Telephone: Consumer: +353 (0)1 804 9668 Industry: +353 (0)1 804 9707 Email: consumerline@comreg.ie licensing@comreg.ie Website: www.comreg.ie Irish Coastal Rowing Federation Email: secretary@coastalrowing.ie Website: www.coastalrowing.ie Irish Sailing Association (Irish Sailing) 3 Park Road Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin A96 K3C3 Marine Casualty Investigation Board Leeson Lane Dublin 2 D02 TR60 Telephone: +353 (0)1 678 3485 +353 (0)1 678 3486 Fax: +353 (0)1 678 3493 Email: info@mcib.ie Website: www.mcib.ie Telephone: +353 (0)1 280 0239 Email: info@sailing.ie Website: www.sailing.ie Irish Sea Kayaking Association Met Éireann Headquarters 65/67 Glasnevin Hill Dublin 9 D09 Y921 Email: iskacommittee@gmail.com Website: www.iska.ie Telephone: +353 (0)1 806 4200 Email: met.eireann@met.ie Website: www.met.ie https://www.met.ie/forecasts/ marine-inland-lakes Irish Surfing Unit 2 Enterprise Centre Main Street Easkey Co. Sligo F26 W8HE General Forecasting Division (Met Éireann) Telephone: +353 (0)1 806 4255 Email: forecasts@met.ie Note: Provision of forecasts is subject to a fee Telephone: +353 (0)96 49 428 Email: info@irishsurfing.ie Website: www.irishsurfing.ie Irish Waterski and Wakeboard Federation Powerboat Association of Northern Ireland 16 Aghalee Road Ballinderry Lower Lisburn BT28 2JN Northern Ireland Email: contact@powerboatni.org Website: www.powerboatni.org Email: info@irishwwf.ie Website: www.irishwwf.ie Irish Windsurfing Association Email: secretary@windsurfing.ie Website: www.windsurfing.ie Rowing Ireland National Rowing Centre Farran Wood Ovens Co. Cork P31 K704 Water Safety Ireland The Long Walk Galway H91 F602 Appendix Telephone: +353 (0)91 564 400 Fax: +353 (0)91 564 700 Email: info@watersafety.ie Website: www.watersafety.ie Telephone: +353 (0)21 743 4044 Fax: +353 (0)21 743 4045 Email: info@rowingireland.ie Website: www.rowingireland.ie Waterways Ireland The Inspector of Navigation Waterways Ireland The Docks Athlone Co. Westmeath N37 RW26 Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) Airside Swords Co. Dublin K67 WA24 Telephone: +353 (0)90 649 4232 Email: info@waterwaysireland.org Website: www.waterwaysireland.org Telephone: +353 (0)1 895 1800 Fax: +353 (0)1 890 0458 Email: RST_Ireland@rnli.org.uk Website: www.rnli.org Scouting Ireland (Head Office) Scouting Ireland Larch Hill Dublin 16 D16 P023 Telephone: +353 (0)1 495 6300 Fax: +353 (0)1 495 6301 Email: questions@scouts.ie Website: www.scouts.ie 10.3 Fishery Bodies IFI Dublin 3044 Lake Drive Citywest Business Campus Dublin D24 CK66 Inland Fisheries Ireland (HQ) 3044 Lake Drive Citywest Business Campus Dublin 24 D24 CK66 Telephone: +353 (0)1 884 2693 Email: dublin@fisheriesireland.ie Telephone: +353 (0)1 884 2600 Email: info@fisheriesireland.ie IFI Galway Teach Breac Earl’s Island Galway H91 E2A2 IFI Ballina Ardnaree House Abbey Street Ballina Co Mayo F26 K029 Telephone: +353 (0)91 563 118 Email: galway@fisheriesireland.ie Telephone: +353 (0)96 22 788 Email: ballina@fisheriesireland.ie IFI Limerick Ashbourne Business Park Dock Road Limerick V94 NPE0 IFI Ballyshannon Station Road Ballyshannon Co. Donegal F94 WV76 Telephone: +353 (0)61 300 238 Email: limerick@fisheriesireland.ie Telephone: +353 (0)71 985 1435 Email: Ballyshannon@fisheriesireland.ie IFI Macroom Sunnyside House Macroom Co Cork P12 X602 IFI Clonmel Anglesea Street Clonmel Co. Tipperary E91 RD25 Telephone: +353 (0)26 41222 Email: macroom@fisheriesireland.ie Telephone: +353 (0)52 618 0055 Email: clonmel@fisheriesireland.ie Appendix 11 Appendix Glossary of Terms | AHC | Ampere Hour Capacity | | --- | --- | | AIS | Automatic Identification System | | Class XII Boats | Recreational craft greater than 13.7 m in length. | | COLREGS | The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, as amended. | | ComReg | Commission for Communications Regulation | | COSPAS/SARSAT | A satellite system to provide distress and alert information to Search and Rescue services. | | CQR | Pronounce “secure” - a plough anchor. | | DSC | Digital Selective Calling (part of GMDSS). | | DoT | Department of Transport | | EPIRB | Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon. | | GMDSS | Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. | | GMDSS Sea Area A1 | An area within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast radio station in which continuous DSC alerting is available (approx. 30 nautical miles from a coast station). | | GMDSS Sea Area A2 | An area, excluding Sea Area A1, within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one MF coast radio station in which continuous DSC alerting is available (approximately 150 nautical miles from a coast station). | | GMDSS Sea Area A3 | An area, excluding sea areas A1 and A2, within the coverage of an INMARSAT geo-stationary satellite in which continuous alerting is available (approximately 70°N to 70°S). | | GPS | Global Positioning System – U.S. satellite navigation system. | | HF | High Frequency | | HRU | Hydrostatic Release Unit | | IALA | International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities. | | --- | --- | | IMA | Irish Maritime Administration | | IMD | Irish Maritime Directorate | | IMO | International Maritime Organization – this is based in London and is the UN specialised maritime agency. It is responsible for maritime safety and prevention of pollution of the marine environment. It provides a forum for international co-operation on such issues as the regulation of international shipping and navigation efficiency. | | INMARSAT | Satellite communications. | | Irish waters | Includes the territorial seas, the waters on the landward side of the territorial seas, and the estuaries, rivers, lakes and other inland waters (whether or not artificially created or modified) of the State. | | kHz | kilohertz (A unit of measurement of radio waves equal to 1000 hertz) | | LOA | Length overall of vessel. | | LSA | Life Saving Appliances | | Marine Notice | Information, advisory or guidance notices issued by the IMA. | | MARPOL | International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973, as amended. | | MED | Marine Equipment Directive (Wheel mark) | | MF | Medium Frequency | | MHz | Megahertz (one million hertz) | | MMSI | Maritime Mobile Service Identity | | MOB | Man Overboard | | MSO | Marine Survey Office – a division of the IMA and DoT. | | NAVTEX | Marine Safety Information service, via dedicated telex receiver. | | NRT | Net Registered Tonnes | | Partially Smooth Waters | Areas of water specified as “partially smooth” in a Marine Notice. | | --- | --- | | PFD | Personal Flotation Device | | PLB | Personal Locator Beacon | | Pleasure Craft | See recreational craft. | | PWC | Personal Watercraft (jet skis) | | RCD | Recreational Craft and Personal Watercraft Directive | | Recreational Craft | Vessels used for leisure or sport purposes. | | RIB | Rigid Inflatable Boat | | RMSS | Recognized Mobile Satellite Service – a service that operates through a satellite system and is recognised by the IMO for use in the GMDSS. | | RNLI | Royal National Lifeboat Institution | | SAR | Search and Rescue services incorporating clif,f sea and air rescue. | | SART | Search and Rescue Radar Transponder | | S.I. | Statutory Instrument (Secondary Legislation) | | Smooth Waters | Areas of water specified as “smooth” in a Marine Notci e. | | SOLAS | IMO International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974, as amended. This Convention was one of the first international treaties of its kind. It was first formed and adopted in 1914 as a reaction to the Titanic disaster in 1912. | | Statutory Requirements | Irish legislation comprising of Acts and Statutory Instruments and incorporating national law, European Union Regulations and Directives, and obligations under various international maritime conventions. | | SUP | Stand-Up Paddle Board | | To Sea | All sea areas not defined as “smooth” or “partially smooth” water in a Marine Notice. | | UCM | Unique Code of the Manufacturer | | VHF | Very High Frequency | | VTS | Vessel Traffic Service | Appendix Notes                        Notes Notes                        ![Figure from page 268](assets/p268-f01.webp) *Figure from page 268*